computer technology

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New College English Book 4 Unit 9 Computer
Technology
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Unit 9 Menu of Preparation

• Computer Words
• Computer Humor
• Looking into the Future

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1.Computer Words

• STEP ONE
• Make a list of words and phrases you know related
  to computers
• Words related to computers include
• monitor, keyboard, mouse, mouse pad,
  printer, mainboard, disk drives, bus (??)
  microprocessor, microchip, modem, Internet, ROM
  (read only memory), RAM (random access memory),
  program, programmer, web , laptop, hacker, PC
  game, 3D animation, Windows 98, Word, Excel,
  Photoshop, e-mail, upgrade, password, IBM,
  Legend, hard disk, cache, floppy disk, BBS, home
  page, search engine, surf the net, software,
  printout, on-line, hardware, data, screen, virus,
  CPU, Intel, CAD (computer-assisted design)...

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STEP TWO Work in pairs to complete the
descriptions below

• A computer consists of hundreds of parts,
  including a 1) monitor, a 2) mouse , 3) disk
  drives and a 4) keyboard . Inside the computer is
  a circuit board. It houses all sorts of
  microchips, including those for ROM (read-only
  memory) (?????) and RAM (random-access memory)
  (???????). Mounted on the circuit board is a 5)
  microprocessor, which is housed in a protective
  container and connected to rows of gold-plated
  pins (????). It acts as the brain of the
  computer.Inside the microprocessor package is the
  6)microchip itself. This tiny square of silicon
  is packed with transistors (???) that process
  instruction and data for the computer.

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2. Computer Humor

• Directions Read the following stories. Work in
  groups and try to answer the two questions.
• A. What is the password?
• While my brother-in-law was tapping away on his
  home computer, his ten-year-old daughter sneaked
  up behind him. Then she turned and ran into the
  kitchen, screaming to the rest of the family, I
  know Daddys password (??)! I know Daddys
  password!
• What is it? her sisters asked eagerly.
• Adapted from Readers Digest, March 1998
• Question What is the fathers password according
  to his ten-year-old daughter? The password is
  asterisk, asterisk, asterisk, asterisk,
  asterisk or ((((( .

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• B. The computer was taking a nap, too.
• During a long international flight, I spent hours
  working on my laptop (????) computer. I dozed
  off, then at mealtime a flight attendant awakened
  me with a tap on the shoulder. Did your computer
  take a nap too? she asked.
• Adapted from Readers Digest, September 1999
• Question Why do you think the attendant asked
  this question?
• Samples
• The attendant asked the question because
• the computer was in Sleep mode
• she saw nothing on the screen
• the computer wasnt working properly
• the passenger had fallen asleep with his/her
  hand on the letter z and the screen was filled
  with rows of zzzzzzzz.

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3. Looking into the Future

• Directions Further advances in computer
  technology are bound to affect our life in the
  future. Work in groups to predict what life will
  be like in the year 2040.

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Sample -1

• Advances in computer and communications
  technology will enable companies to move almost
  all jobs into virtuality. The home will be
  recognized as a legitimate workplace. Virtual
  workers will spend most days of the week at home.
  They will communicate with each other by phone,
  fax or e-mail. At certain times they will gather
  in one place to share information or to do
  certain jobs that cant be completed at home.
  When they work at home, they will not have to
  worry that they will be late for work or that
  someone will accuse them of slacking off. They
  will work more efficiently. In addition, virtual
  offices will reduce the costs of facilities and
  allow companies to do with fewer managers. And
  since workers will not have to go to work by bus,
  by bike or by car, there will be fewer traffic
  jams at rush hours.

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Sample -2

• People will have to memorize a lot of numbers,
  letters or passwords. Even now, people have to
  memorize the number of their ID card, telephone
  numbers, and the passwords of their credit cards,
  bank cards and Internet accounts. Forgetting
  these letters or numbers will cause considerable
  inconvenience they may not be able to withdraw
  any money from the bank or pay for the clothes
  they buy in a department store when they do not
  have any cash with them.

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Sample -3

• People will not have to learn any foreign
  languages because they will get the help of
  highly intelligent computers for simultaneous
  translation and interpretation. Computers will
  not be laptops or desktop computers. They will be
  in the form of a necklace, belt, ring or even
  shoes.
• The distance between two places will be
  measured by time instead of by space. As a
  result, the world will become smaller.
• New smart computers will enable people to
  hibernate like snakes and wake up whenever
  they like. A person who suffers from an incurable
  illness will be frozen and brought back to life
  when there is a cure for the illness.

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Listening I
New Words Expressions Exercise 1 Exercise
2 Exercise 3 Tapescript
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New Words Expressions 1

• 1.psychiatrist
• 2.hankie
• 3.highly-trained
• 4.take up a lot of ones time

n. ?????,????? n. (??)?? ??????? ??????????
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• 5. It depends. ???
• 6. to prefer talking to a computer to talking to
  their doctor
• ?????????????????

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Exercise 1 Directions Listen to the passage and
write down the main idea of the passage. The
main idea of the passage Many patients prefer
talking to a computer to talking to their
doctor. But computers cannot replace doctors
completely.
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Exercise 2-1 Directions Listen to the passage
again and decide whether the following statements
are true for doctors or computers or for both.
Put a tick (?) in the appropriate column.
Doctors Computers
1.Patients do not have to
smile at them. ____
___v____ 2. They will express
sympathy to their patients.
__v__ __ v __ 3. They can question and
remind their patients of something.
_ v ___ _ v __
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Exercise 2-2

• Doctors Computers
• _____ __ v ___
• __ v ___ _____
• ___ v __ _____
• __ v ___ _____
• _____ ___ v _

• 4) It is cheaper to employ them.
• 5) They might look shocked if a patient says
  he/she drinks two bottles of whiskey a day.
• 6) They will smile at their patients.
• 7) They might stop to talk on the phone.
• 8) They do not feel embarrassed.

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Exercise 3-1

• Directions Work in pairs to list other
  advantages and disadvantages of having computers
  do some of the doctors work.
• Sample
• Other advantages of having computers do
• some of doctors work
• Computers are very patient and never get bored.
  They will not be swayed by their emotions.
  Doctors, by contrast, can get impatient with
  their patients because of their own troubles.

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Exercise 3-2

• Computers dont complain about their pay. They
  will never push for salary raises or promotion.
• Computers can work all day long if necessary.
  Doctors, however, have regular working hours,
  and have to be paid more money if they work extra
  hours.
• Computers will not catch diseases from their
  patients.

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Listening 1 Tapescript 1

• Those of us who do not want to tell our doctor
  how much we really drink are often more honest
  with a computer. In fact, many patients say they
  prefer talking to a computer to talking to their
  doctor.
• Computers dont expect you to smile or socially
  relate to them when you are feeling ill, said
  psychiatrist and program writer, Dr. Tony Carr.
• Dr. Carr of the Maudsley Hospital in London
  tries to make sure his programs are friendly.
  For example, if a patient called Anna says that
  both her parents are dead, the computer will say,
  Im sorry to hear that, Anna.

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Listening I Tapescript 2

• As well as expressing sympathy like a doctor,
  the computer can also question patients and
  remind patients of something. If a patient says
  he never drinks alcohol, the computer can ask
  him, Never? Not even at parties or at
  Christmas?
• Computers are doing everyday interviews which
  used to take up a lot of a doctors time. And,
  of course, said Dr. Carr, it is cheaper to use
  a computer than a highly-trained person.
• Does this direct contact between the patients
  and the computer mean that we do not need doctors
  anymore?

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Listening I Tapescript 3

• It depends. Computers are useful because they
  do not feel embarrassed. They do not look shocked
  if you say you drink two bottles of whisky a day.
  And they do not stop to talk on the phone as
  doctors often do.
• But, as Dr. Mike Pringle, a family doctor in
  Nottingham shire, said, We smile and we give a
  patient a hankie or put an arm around her
  shoulder if she is crying. That is why people
  will always want us.

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Listening II

• New Words Expressions
• Exercise 1
• Exercise 2
• Tapescript

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New Words Expressions 1

• 1.time-consuming
• 2.automatedteller machines/ATM
• 3.Seniors Day
• 4. open house

• adj. ?????,
• ?????
• ?????
• ??????,???,???
• ???,(??????
• ????????)??

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New Words Expressions 2

• ???
• ?????????
• ???, ????

• 5.senior customers
• 6.computerized banking services
• 7.assistant manager

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Exercise 1-1

• Directions Listen to the dialog twice. While
  listening, complete the following outline with
  information from the tape.
• The problem being discussed
• Many of their senior customers are not using the
  banks computerized banking services.
• Possible cause of the problem
• These senior customers might not know how to use
  them and they might feel _uncomfortable about
  asking for help.

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Exercise 1-2

• Suggested solutions to the problem
• A. To develop programs to show these customers
  how easy it is to use bank computers.
• B. To let these customers also know that if they
  use the computers they can do their banking at
  any time rather than during regular banking
  hours.
• C. To have the bank staff take note of any
  customers who could be saving time by doing the
  banking task by computer.

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Exercise 1-3

• D. To have a Seniors Day when senior customers
  are invited to the bank and given a demonstration
  on how to use the computers.
• E. To advertise that, by using a computerized
  banking machine, senior customers would avoid the
  cost of service charges .

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Exercise 2-1

• Directions Suppose you were Mr. Kantor, the
  assistant manager. You are asked to write a brief
  report on the problem being discussed. Your
  report should include the possible cause of the
  problem and suggested solutions to the problem
• Sample
• We have noticed that many of our senior customers
  are not using our computerized banking services.
  One possible explanation is that they might not
  know how to use them and that they might feel
  uncomfortable about asking for help.

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Exercise 2-2

• There are five possible solutions to the
  problem in question. First, we could develop
  programs to show these customers how easy it is
  to use bank computers. Second, we could let them
  know that if they use our computers they can do
  their banking at any time rather than during
  regular banking hours. Third, we could have our
  staff take note of any customers who could be
  saving time doing the same thing by computers.
  Fourth, we could hold a Seniors Day and
  demonstrate to the senior customer the use of the
  computers. Finally, we could advertise that, by
  using a computerized banking machine, senior
  customers would avoid the cost of service charges
  .

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Listening II Tapescript 1

• (Ms. Johnson, a bank manager, and Mr. Kantor,
  the assistant manager, are discussing the problem
  of senior citizens not making use of the banks
  computerized services. Many senior customers are
  complaining that doing banking chores is becoming
  less convenient and more time-consuming.)
• Ms. JohnsonMany of our senior customers are not
  using our computerized banking services. How do
  you explain this phenomenon?

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Listening II Tapescript 2

• Mr. Kantor Well, it could be that they might
  not know how to use them and that they might
  feel uncomfortable about asking for help. Perhaps
  we should develop programs to show these
  customers just how easy it is to use bank
  computers such as automated teller machines.
• Ms.JohnsonWe could do that. More senior citizens
  might use these services if they also knew how
  much easier it would be for them to do their
  banking tasks by computer at any time of the day
  rather than having to wait for a teller during
  regular banking hours. What other ideas do you
  have?

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Listening II Tapescript 3

• Mr. Kantor We could also have our staff take
  note of any customers waiting in line who could
  be saving time doing the same thing by computer.
• Ms.Johnson How about a Seniors Day? We could
  invite our senior customers to an open house to
  demonstrate how to use the computers and how
  these machines can make their banking faster and
  more convenient.
• Mr. Kantor We could also advertise that, by
  using a computerized banking machine, they would
  avoid the cost of service charges.
• Ms.Johnson Lets get working on this right away.
  I want our customers to know just how much
  computers can change their lives.

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In-Class Reading Hackers, Crackers
and Trackers
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New wordscoursev. flow rapid move quickly run
??(??)????,

• Big tears now coursed down her cheeks.
• ???????????
• The blood coursed through his veins.
• ??????????

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Edge (cause to) move slowly forward or along
(?)??????

• edge ones chair nearer to the fireplace
• ???????
• edge oneself/ones way through a crowd
• ??????????
• I edged my way to the window.
• The car edged forwards at walking pace.

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be susceptible to be susceptible to be easily
influenced or harmed by ?????????

• be susceptible to flattery ???????
• Hes very susceptible to suggestion.??????
• Certain people are more susceptible to stress
  than others.
• These plants are particularly susceptible to
  frost.
• Plants that are not susceptible to disease are
  more likely to survive.
• ?????????????????

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work ones way????,????

• I worked my way slowly out of the marsh.
• ??????????????
• Eventually she worked her way through the huge
  amount of technical papers.
• ??????????????
• He worked his way through college.
• ????????????

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Malicious adj. showing a desire to harm or hurt
someone ???

• malice n. ill will desire to harm others
• prefix mal- bad, wrong, not
• ??,???,????,???
• maladminister ???? maladapt vt.????? malformation
  ?? maladept adj. ????,???? maladjusted adj.
  ???,??????

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irrespective of without considering without
respect to regardless of paying no attention
to????,????

• Irrespective of Annes wishes, I quit my job.
• ???????,??????
• We must succeed irrespective of the number of
  casualties.?????????,????????

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Abusen. ??improper use or handling misuse.drug
abuse

• physical maltreatment. spousal abuse
• a corrupt practice or custom. abuse of power
• insulting or coarse language. verbal abuse
• ???? The Internet is just as susceptible
  to abuse as any other form of computer
  technology.
• ??????????????????????

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Analysis of the title (1)

• Hacker one who is proficient at using or
  programming a computer, he/she may illegally gain
  access to or enter anothers electronic system to
  obtain secret information or steal money ??
• Cracker people who illegally break into computer
  systems in order to steal or to destroy
  information, usually the malicious hacker ???

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Analysis of the title (2)

• Tracker A person who tracks wild animals ??
• In this article, it refers to a person who
  follows sb/sth by means of footprints, marks, etc
  /experts who watch the illegal activities of
  hackers and crackers ???
• The trackers tried to find when and how the
  thieves broke into the banks computer system.
• track n. v.
• be on sbs track/on the track of sb be in
  pursuit of ??
• keep/lose track of sb/sth keep in/lose touch
  with follow/fail to follow the course or
  development of ??/??????/?????/??
• off the track away from the subject ??,??,????
• track sb/sth down find by searching ?????????

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Coursing through arteries, replicating along the
way, edging into new sites to wreak havoc, the
virus at first seemed like any other virus that
eventually would be defeated by the hosts
defense mechanisms. (Line 1)

• ??the virus at first seemed like any other
  virus, ????????, coursing through, replicating
  along, edging into?????, that ??????,??other
  virus
• ?????????????,???????,??????,??????????????,?????
  ?????????

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The Internet Worm, as the virus came to be
known, worked its way into thousands of computers
connected to the national information
infrastructure.

• Para This particular virus came to be known as
  the Internet Worm because it worked its way
  like a worm into many computers connected to the
  national center.
• Tran?????????????????????????????????????

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Created by Cornell University student Robert
Morris, it infected more than 6,000 systems,
jamming hard drives and erasing valuable
information before being eliminated in November
1988 by engineers at the University of California
at Berkeley and at Purdue University in West
Lafayette, Indiana. (Line 7)

• jam put together tightly be fixed so that
  movement is prevented
• Para The virus was created by Robert Morris, a
  student from Cornell University. It infected more
  than 6,000 system, damaging hard drives in
  computers and brushing away useful information
  from computers, until at last it was eliminated
  in November 1998 by engineers at the University
  of California at Berkeley and at Purdue
  University in West Lafayette, Indiana.
• Tran ????????????????????,??6000????????,?????,?
  ?????????,??1988?11???????????????????????????????
  ??

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That was the first time the Internet and the
destructive aims of certain computer experts made
the national news. (Line 12)

• Structure That was the first time that here
  that is omitted.
• Para It was the first time that the Internet and
  the destructive aims of certain computer experts
  who try to destroy the national information
  infrastructure by intentionally introducing the
  virus into the national system were made news and
  were read throughout the country.
• Tran ???,?????????????????????????

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The Internet is just as susceptible to abuse as
any other form of computer technology.

• abuse n. wrong use
• abuse of an abuse of trust ???????
• Para The Internet was easy to be used wrongly,
  just like any other form of computer technology.
• Tran ??????????????????????

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No society that depends heavily on computer
systems can afford to ignore either the potential
dangers of hacking or the moral issues that
hacking has raised. (Line 34)

• can/could afford run a risk by doing sth ???
• She couldnt afford to displease her boss.
• ??????????
• I cant afford to neglect my work. ??????????
• Para Any society that depends greatly on
  computer systems cant run the risk of paying
  no attention to both the potential dangers of
  hacking and the moral problems brought by it.
• Tran ???????????????????????????????????????

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It is a technology that, when used properly, can
yield untold benefits. ( Line 67)

• yield bring a great deal of benefits give a
  natural product, a result or profit ????.
• investment yielding 10 ?????????
• (yield to sb/sth give way to ??,??
• We will never yield to force. ??????????)
• Para This technology can bring people lots of
  benefits if it is used properly.
• Tran ??????,?????????????

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The organization of the text

• Para. 1-2
• a description of a computer virus, the Internet
  Worm
• Para 3 the Internet abuse
• Para 4
• the description of hackers and crackers
• Para 5 trackers and their duties
• Para 6-7
• case study of two hackers Ian and Jeff
• Para 8
• debate about the use of hackers in the computer
  industry
• Pare 9 difficulties in stopping hacking
• Para 10-11
• recommended attitude towards the Internet and
  hackers