COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 1

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, PART 1 Cognition Mental
processes by which knowledge is acquired,
elaborated, stored, retrieved, and used to solve
problems. Cognitive Development Refers to the
changes that occur in childrens mental skills
and abilities over time.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Scheme (Schema for
singular, Schemata for plural) An organized
pattern of thought or action that one constructs
to interpret some aspect of ones
experience. Represent the way that people
organize and understand the things around them.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Symbolic schemes internal
mental symbols that one uses to represent aspects
of experience. Cognitive operation an internal
mental activity that one performs on objects or
thoughts.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Assimilation The process
of interpreting new experiences by incorporating
them into existing schemes. Accommodation The
process of modifying existing schemes in order to
incorporate or adapt to new experiences. Examples
.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Piagets Stages of
Cognitive Development Stage 1 Sensorimotor
Stage (Birth-2yrs) Stage 2 Preoperational Stage
(2-7yrs) Stage 3 Concrete Operations
(7-11yrs) Stage 4 Formal Operations
(11-on) Invariant developmental sequence!
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development 6 substages to Sensorimotor
Stage Stage 1 (0-1mo) Reflexes Stage 2
(1-4mos) Primary Circular Reactions Stage
3 (4-8mos) Secondary Circular
Reactions Stage 4 (8-12mos) Purposeful
coordination of secondary
schemes Stage 5 (12-18mos) Tertiary
Circular Reactions Stage 6 (18-24mos)
Mental Solutions
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Object Permanence
knowledge that an object continues to exist
independent of our seeing, hearing, touching,
tasting or smelling it! Stage 1 Tracks, then
ignores
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Object Permanence
knowledge that an object continues to exist
independent of our seeing, hearing, touching,
tasting or smelling it! Stage 4 Search for
objects that disappear in last place found
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Object Permanence
knowledge that an object continues to exist
independent of our seeing, hearing, touching,
tasting or smelling it! Stage 1 Tracks, then
ignores Stage 2 Looks where it disappeared
Stage 3 Search for
partially hidden
Stage 4 Search for objects that
disappear in last place found Stage 5
Follows series of visible displacements
Stage 6 Fully developed

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• Imitation
• What Piaget thought
• New evidence

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• Imitation
• What Piaget thought
• New evidence

• Deferred imitation
• 1. Definition ability to reproduce a modeled
  activity that has been witnessed at some point in
  the past.
• 2. New evidence

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development The Preoperational Stage
2-7 Years, Preconceptual Period (2-4
Years) A. Accomplishments 1. Symbolic Function
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development The Preoperational Stage
2-7 Years, Preconceptual Period (2-4
Years) A. Accomplishments 1. Symbolic
Function 2. Begin Pretend Play
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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Preconceptual Period (2-4 Years)
• A. Accomplishments
• 1. Symbolic Function
• 2. Begin Pretend Play
• Errors
• Animism
• Precausal or Transductive reasoning
• Egocentrism

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Egocentrism
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Egocentrism
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Egocentrism
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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Intuitive Period (4-7 Years)
• Accomplishments
• Errors
• Classification

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Intuitive Period (4-7 Years)
• Accomplishments
• Errors
• Classification
• Conservation

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Intuitive Period (4-7 Years)
• Accomplishments
• Errors in Conservation Mass

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Intuitive Period (4-7 Years)
• Accomplishments
• Errors in Conservation AREA

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• COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
• Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
• The Preoperational Stage 2-7 Years,
  Intuitive Period (4-7 Years)
• Accomplishments
• Errors in Conservation Liquid

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Errors in Conservation
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development

• The Concrete Operational Stage 7-11 Years
• Accomplishments
• Logical Reasoning
• Reversibility

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development

• The Concrete Operational Stage 7-11 Years
• Accomplishments
• Logical Reasoning
• Reversibility
• Seriation
• Transitivity

B. Still having trouble.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development

• The Formal Operations Stage (11 Years and Up)
• Mental actions performed on ideas and
  propositions. Can reason logically about
  hypothetical processes and events that may have
  no basis in reality.
• Deductive reasoning
• Does everyone reach this stage?

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
Overview (overheads)
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Evaluating
Piaget Contributions
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development Evaluating
Piaget Present conservation of number
experiments Criticisms 1. Underestimated
abilities 2. Competence/performance 3.
Stages 4. How do they progress? 5. Ignored
social cultural influences
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagets Theory of
Cognitive Development
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Core Knowledge Perspective

• A view that assumes infants begin life with
  innate special-purpose knowledge systems.
• Physical Knowledge
• Numerical Knowledge
• Linguistic Knowledge
• Psychological Knowledge
• Biological Knowledge

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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Core Knowledge Perspective
A view that assumes infants begin life with
innate special-purpose knowledge systems.
Evaluation of this perspective?
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Vygotskys Sociocultural
Perspective
Sociocultural Theory Vygotskys perspective on
cognitive development, in which children acquire
their cultures values, beliefs, and
problem-solving strategies through collaborative
dialogues with more knowledgeable members of
society.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Vygotskys Sociocultural
Perspective Zone of Proximal Development the
range of tasks that are too complex to be
mastered alone but can be accomplished with
guidance and encouragement from a more skillful
partner.
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Vygotskys Sociocultural
Perspective Zone of Proximal Development the
range of tasks that are too complex to be
mastered alone but can be accomplished with
guidance and encouragement from a more skillful
partner. Guided participation adult-child
interactions in which childrens cognitions and
modes of thinking are shaped as they participate
with or observe adults engaged in culturally
relevant activities. Context independent learning
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT The Role of Language in
Cognitive Development Piagets Theory of
Language Thought Suggested Language reflects
childs existing knowledge, not construction of
new knowledge. Vygotskys Theory of Language
Thought Suggested private speech helps children
plan strategies. Who is correct?
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COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT The Role of Language in
Cognitive Development Who is correct? Recent
Research Suggests