Cancer

1
Cancer

• Cancer develops when abnormal cells in a part of
  the body begin to grow out of control
• Cancer always named for the place that it began,
  but cancer can spread to other parts of the body.
  
• This is called metastasis.

2
How Do I Get Cancer?

• Due to damage of the DNA of the cells (can be
  inherited but most are due to environment)
• Irradiation (direct effect of radiation
  sun/x-rays)
• Radiation (background effects of certain rays)
• Hormones
• Carcinogens (pollutants)
• Viruses

3
Tumors

• Group of abnormal cells
• Benign
• not cancerous and does not spread
• Malignant
• cancerous and can spread

4
Diagnosis

• Pap Smear (test for cervical cancer)
• BSE/TSE (monthly)
• Scans
• X-Ray, PET, CT, MRI
• Biopsy (analysis of a section of tissue)
• Proctoscopy/Colonoscopy (test for colon or rectal
  cancer)

5
Treatment

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy (medicine) Interferes with cell
  division
• Radiation (direct) Damages cancer cells DNA

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Types

• Oral Cancers
• Cancers of the lung, mouth, larynx, and esophagus
  are related to tobacco use, including cigarettes,
  cigars, chewing tobacco, and snuff.
• Smoking alone causes one-third of all cancer
  deaths.

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Types

• Skin Cancer related to unprotected exposure to
  strong sunlight
• Melanoma (Can be life threatening)
• Basal/Squamous Cell
• Due to unprotected exposure to sunlight
• Not usually life threatening

8
Types

• Breast Cancer
• Risk factors include
• Age
• Changes in hormone levels throughout life
• Obesity
• Physical activity
• Also, women with a mother or sister who have had
  breast cancer are more likely to develop the
  disease themselves. It is important to do a
  Breast Self Examination (BSE) once a month.

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Types

• Prostate Cancer
• Several factors can increase the chances of
  developing the disease
• Age
• Race
• Diet, a high-fat diet may play a part in causing
  prostate cancer.
• Also, men with a father or brother who have had
  prostate cancer are more likely to get prostate
  cancer themselves.

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Types

• Colon/Rectal
• This can occur due to a high fat/low fiber diet.
  Early detection greatly increases the patients
  survival rate.

11
Types

• Testicular Cancer
• Cancerous lump forms on the testicle. Leading
  type of cancer in males ages 15-34. A Testicular
  Self Examination (TSE) should be done at least
  once per month

12
Types

• Leukemia
• Weakening of the immune system beginning due to
  abnormal growth of white blood cells.

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Risk Factors

• Overall, environmental factors, tobacco use,
  diet, and infectious diseases, as well as
  chemicals and radiation cause an estimated 75 of
  all cancer cases in the United States.
• Among these factors, which are most preventable?
• tobacco use
• unhealthy diet
• physical activity

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7 Danger Signs of Cancer

• hange in bowel or bladder habits
• sore that does not heal
• nusual bleeding or discharge
• hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
• ndigestion or difficulty swallowing
• bvious change in a wart or mole
• agging cough or hoarseness

CAUTI ON
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