U'S' Navy

1
U.S. Navy

• The U.S. decided that they needed to increase the
  size of the navy to gain power overseas
• Navy Captain Alfred Mahan asked for the U.S. to
  pay for a larger navy
• In response, Congress built the Great White Fleet
  (all the ships were painted white)

2
Isolationism

• In his Farewell Address, George Washington
  advised the nation to steer clear of foreign
  alliances
• Later Presidents followed his policy of
  isolationism having little to do with other
  nations

3
Expansionism

• Expansionism means extending the countrys
  boundaries
• People in the United States had always wanted to
  expand the size of America
• America had always traded with other countries,
  except for Japan

4
The Age of Imperialism

• 1870-1914 is considered the Age of Imperialism
• Imperialism Powerful countries seeking to
  control weaker countries and regions
• During this time, European countries gained
  control of almost all of Africa and Southern Asia
• Also during this time, the U.S. and Japan became
  imperial powers

5
Reasons for Imperialism

• Industrial nations wanted raw materials
• Industrial nations wanted places to sell
  manufactured goods
• Many Europeans believed that they needed to
  spread their culture and religion to less
  civilized people
• Imperial nations were competing for colonies

6
The White Mans Burden

• Famous British poet
• Wrote that white European people have the
  burden to teach other cultures how to live like
  Europeans
• This thinking ignored the fact that these
  countries already had their own culture

7
America Joins the Race

• Today we are raising more than we can consume.
  Today we are making more than we can use. Today
  our industrial society is congested there are
  more workers than there is work.Therefore we
  must find new markets for produce, new
  occupations for our capital, new work for our
  labor.
• -Argument made by a Senator for America
  to join the race to get colonies because the
  Western frontier is vanishing

8
Americans have a right and a duty to bring
Western culture to the uncivilized peoples of
the world.Americans are divinely
commissioned to spread democracy and
Christianity down upon Mexico, down up on
Central and South America, out upon the islands
of the sea. -Josiah Strong, Congregation
alist Minister arguing that Americans should
teach people from less civilized countries to
live like Americans
9
Opening Trade with Japan

• Japan was completely cut off, only allowing 1
  ship a year to arrive from the Dutch East India
  Company
• The U.S. President Millard Fillmore wanted Japan
  to allow the U.S. to trade there, and help U.S.
  sailors who were shipwrecked on Japanese shores

10
Matthew Perrys Mission

• The President sent Commodore Matthew Perry into
  Japans harbor in 1853 with 4 warships
• The Japanese denounced them as barbarians in
  floating volcanoes
• Perry gave them a letter from the President and
  said he would return in a year

11
A New TreatyMatthew Perrys warship
When Perry returned in 1853 with 7 warships, the
Japanese Emperor
was impressed enough to sign the Treaty of
Kanagawa, opening Japan to trade with the U.S.
12
The Purchase of Alaska

• In the 1800s, Alaska belonged to Russia
• Russia wanted to get rid of the land and
  Secretary of State William Seward wanted to
  expand the size of the U.S.

13
Sewards Folly

• In the middle of the night, the Russians called
  Seward and offered to sell it to America for 7.2
  million (2 cents an acre)
• Most Americans thought the purchase was foolish
  and mockingly called it Sewards Folly

14
The Value of Alaska

• Alaska proved to be valuable
• It had large supplies of farmland, timber,
  copper, oil, fish, natural gas and gold
• In the 1890s, Alaska had a gold rush

15
Americans in Samoa

• Americans wanted a base in Samoa because it had a
  good harbor
• Britain, Germany and America all competed for
  control of the islands
• These countries eventually signed a treaty that
  divided the islands between the U.S. and Germany

16
Hawaii

• Settled by Polynesians
• In 1820, the first American missionaries arrived
• By 1887, European sugar planters had taken
  control of the ruler and the islands

17
Liliuokalani

• In 1891, Liliuokalani became queen of Hawaii
• Tried to keep Hawaii independent from the U.S.
• Rejected the constitution that gave planters more
  influence
• Hoped to reduce influence of planters and
  foreigners

18
U.S. Conquers Hawaii

• In 1893, American planters rebelled against
  Liliuokalani
• The U.S. sent in marines to protect American
  lives
• When faced with American guns, Liliuokalani gave
  up her throne
• With Liliuokalani gone, Hawaii was quickly made a
  territory and then in 1959, became a U.S. state

19

• I, Liliuokalani do hereby solemnly protest
  against any and all acts done against myself and
  the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian
  Kingdom
• I yield to the superior force of the United
  States of America
• Now to avoid any collision of armed forces and
  perhaps loss of life, I do this under protest,
  and impelled by said force, yield my authority.
  -Liliuokalani

20
China

• In the late 1800s, Britain, France, Germany,
  Russia, and Japan carved up China into spheres of
  influence (areas where they controlled trade)
• U.S. Secretary of State, John Hay urged nations
  to follow an Open Door Policy, of allowing all
  nations to trade freely in China

21
Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers Chinese who hated foreigners
• In 1900, the Boxers killed over 200 foreigners
  and trapped many more in Beijing
• Several countries joined together and put down
  the Boxer rebellion

22
The Growing Influence of the U.S. in World Affairs

• John Hay wrote a 2nd Open Door letter, telling
  other nations to respect Chinas independence
• These letters showed Americas growing role in
  world affairs

23
The U.S. in Cuba

• The U.S. had been wanting to get control of Cuba
  since the early 1800s
• The Cuban people had been fighting for
  independence from Spain since 1868

24
The Rebels

• Rebels burned sugar cane fields to make the
  island unprofitable for Spain
• The rebels killed workers who disagreed with them
• Rebels also blew up passenger trains
• Writers such as Lola Rodriguez de Tio and Jose
  Marti wrote against Spanish rule

25
The Spanish Reaction

• The Spanish sent General Valeriano Weyler to
  crush the rebellion
• He put Cubans in concentration camps where over
  100,000 starved
• Americans became increasingly concerned because
  they had invested money in Cuba

26
THE MAINE
27
THE ROUGH RIDERS AT SANTIAGO
28
N. Daniels. "A Valiant Negro Soldier. Dislodging
a Spanish Sharpshooter on the eight-mile march
toward San Juan Hill," ca. 1898.