Five Minute Madness: 30 Years in 30 Minutes

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Five Minute Madness30 Years in 30 Minutes

• Benjamin Watson
• Dept. Computer Science
• Northwestern University
• watson_at_northwestern.edu

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My four topics

• Shape representation
• Surface mappings
• Shape manipulation
• Non-photorealistic Rendering

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Shape representation

• The problem
• We need to make pictures of things.
• How do we describe these things?
• The solutions

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Points

• The idea
• A whole bunch of 3D points.
• Each with associated colors, normals.
• We fill in the gaps with some blurring.
• Critique
• With hierarchy, can render big things.
• What about surface mappings?

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Points QSplat
Stanford Rusinkiewicz Levoy
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Volumes

• The idea
• The scene is a 3D image.
• Pixels become voxels.
• Critique
• Nice for medical data, transparency.
• Data size huge 1003 one million!

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Volumes Univ. Stuttgart
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Parametric surfaces

• The idea
• The scene is a collection of patches.
• These patches are curved, continuous.
• Manipulate the patches w/ control pts.
• Critique
• Nice user control, no faceting, succinct.
• Rendering has been slow, LOD control?

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Parametrics Erlangen, Pixar
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Many Others

• Implicit surfaces
• Nice for fluids
• Constructive solid geometry
• Used in engineering
• Procedural modeling
• Natural things clouds, fire, plants

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Surface mappings

• The problem
• We need more detail on our shapes.
• But our shapes are already complex.
• The solutions

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Procedural mappings

• The idea
• Like texture mapping, except
• The RGB value is f(u,v), not an image.
• Critique
• Very succinct, new possibilities.
• Until recently, no hardware support.
• Hard to model procedures.

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Procedural mappings Perlin
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Bump mapping

• The idea
• A kind of procedural mapping
• Adds fine bumpiness to the surface
• Critique
• Works as advertised.
• Until recently, no hardware support.

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Bump mapping NVidia
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Many Others

• Environment mapping
• Nice for mirrored surfaces
• Light mapping
• Cheat to get global illumination
• Surfels
• Add little bits of geometry to surface

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Shape manipulation

• The problem
• We need to adjust our shapes.
• We dont want to start modeling again.
• The solutions

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Model simplification

• The idea
• It should look the same, but
• It should have fewer primitives.
• Critique
• In general, it works!
• Only limited user control.
• Surface mappings poorly handled.

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Simplification Northwestern
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Many Others

• 3D morphing
• Like the 2D Michael Jackson effect, but.
• Surface fitting
• A 3D scan gives points, what is surface?

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Non-photorealism

• The problem
• Who cares about reality.
• Lets make it look artificial.
• The solutions

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Painterly approaches

• The idea
• Make the image look like its painted.
• Critique
• Works well from image or model.
• What about Picasso?
• How interactive is it?

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Painterly NPR
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Sketching approaches

• The idea
• Make the image look like its drawn.
• Critique
• Works well from image or model.
• Can we add imperfection?

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Sketching NPR
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Toon approaches

• The idea
• Make the image look like its a cartoon.
• Critique
• For games, hardware support is key.
• Is it there?

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Toon NPR