levaade ESA tegevusest

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Ülevaade ESA tegevusest
Hillar Torkhillar.tork_at_regio.ee

• Teine Eesti Kaugseire Seminar
• Tartu Observatoorium, 11 oktoober, 2005

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Presentation Overview

• ESA Overview
• ESA Earth Observation Programme
• Doing business with ESA

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ESA Overview
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The purpose of ESA
An inter-governmental organisation with a mission
to provide and promote - for exclusively peaceful
purposes - the exploitation of

• Space science, research technology
• Space applications

ESA achieves this through

• Space activities and programmes
• Long term space policy
• A specific industrial policy
• Coordinating European with national space
  programmes

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ESA Members

• ESA Member states
• Associated countries Canada
• PECS (Plan for European Cooperating States)
  Hungary, Czech Republic
• Next in line Poland, Romania

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ESA Establishments

• ESA Headquarters, Paris
• programmes and policy-making
• ESTEC, Noordwijk
• European Space Research and Technology Center
• technology development
• programme management
• test center
• ESOC, Darmstadt
• European Space Operations Center
• controlling ESA satellites in space
• ESRIN, Frascati
• European Space Research Institute
• ESAs information technology center
• collection, storage and distribution of earth
  observation data

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ESA world locations
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Budget Funding

• 2005 budget 3 billion Euros
• Member states contribute to mandatory activities
  on basis of GNP
• Space Science programme
• General budget
• Each country decides itself on level of
  participation in optional programmes
• Geographical return
• ESA investment in each country is proportional to
  the countrys contribution

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ESA Programmes

• Space science
• Earth observation
• Navigation
• Telecommunications
• Launcher development
• Microgravity research
• Human space flight and exploration

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M Million of Euro
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M Million of Euro
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Industrial policy
About 90 of ESA's budget is spent on contracts
with European industry.
Industrial policy objectives

• ensure that all Member States participate in an
  equitable manner corresponding to their financial
  contribution
• improve the worldwide competitiveness of European
  industry
• maintain and develop space technology
• encourage the development of an industrial
  structure appropriate to market requirements,
  making use of existing industrial potential of
  all Member States.

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The birth of commercial operators
ESA is responsible for research and development
of space projects.

• On completion of qualification, these projects
  are handed over to outside bodies for the
  production/exploitation phase.

Operational systems are transferred to new or
specially established organisations

• Launchers Arianespace - launcher production
  phase
• Telecommunications Eutelsat Inmarsat -
  international communications services via
  ECS/MARECS
• Meteorology Eumetsat - Meteosat weather
  satellites
• Satellite Navigation Galileo, Joint Undertaking
  (with the EU)

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Partners - EU

• High level cooperation to develop and implement
  European space policy
• Common aim to strengthen Europe and benefit its
  citizens
• Collaboration on specific programmes
• GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and
  Security
• Galileo Joint Undertaking (Navigation)
• Digital Divide (Telecomms)

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Other Partners

• National space agencies of member states
• CSA - Canadian Space Agency
• CNES Centre Nationale dEtudes Spatiales (F)
• ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (I)
• DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt
  (D)
• Russian Space Agency
• ISS, Soyuz manned spacecraft launcher
• Chinese Space Agency
• Double Star scientific mission to study effects
  of the sun on earths environment
• NASA
• JAXA - Japanese Space Agency
• ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation

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ESA Earth Observation Programme
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The quest for information about the Earth
ESA has developed the Meteosat and MSG series of
weather satellites, the environmental and climate
research and monitoring satellites ERS-1 2 and
Envisat, and prepares for the future with METOP,
to provide tools for

• Meteorology
• Environmental climate monitoring
• Earth resource management
• other applications

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Europe's first weather satellites
The first Meteosat was launched in 1977. Five
more followed and the seventh was launched in
1997.
Placed in geostationary orbit they are designed
to

• Take pictures of the Earth every 30 minutes
• Distribute meteorology data
• Collect environmental data recorded by automatic
  ground stations

Eumetsat owns and exploits the Meteosat
satellites.
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Cooperation with Eumetsat
ESA is cooperating with Eumetsat, the European
Organization for the Exploitation of
Meteorological Satellites on the development of
two new series of meteorological satellites

• MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) is a sequence
  of geostationary meteorological satellites with
  improved performance with respect to the current
  Meteosat series. The first satellite was launched
  in August 2002.
• METOP (Meteorological Operational Polar Orbiting
  Satellites) A European series of polar orbiting
  spacecraft. 8 instruments including Advanced Very
  High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Advanced
  Scatterometer (ASCAT). The first launch is
  foreseen in 2006.

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Metop
A view of the Earth
Meteosat
MSG
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A radar view of the Earth ERS, ENVISAT
ERS (European Remote Sensing satellite) uses
radar instruments (SAR, radar altimeter) to
survey the Earth's surface in all weather
conditions
ERS-1 launched in 1991 finished its mission in
March 2000
A second ERS satellite (ERS-2) was launched in
1995.

• Same missions as ERS-1
• Additional ozone monitoring instrument (GOME)

A continuous flow of data provides information on
status and changes of

• Ocean currents, sea surface temperatures and
  ocean winds
• Polar ice caps ice movement
• Atmospheric ozone

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ENVISAT focusing on the environment
ENVISAT is the most ambitious Earth observation
satellite ever designed in Europe and weighs over
8 tons. It was launched on 01/03/2002 by an
Ariane-5 into polar orbit at an altitude of 800
km. It carries a payload consisting of 10
instruments of advanced design, and provides

• a smooth transition from the measurements taken
  by ERS-1 and ERS-2
• ASAR (Advanced SAR), MERIS (Medium Resolution
  Imaging Spectrometer)
• new data on marine biology land processed and
  atmospheric chemistry.

ENVISAT, along with ERS-2, provides a continuous
supply of services to scientists and operational
users over a period of more than 15 years

• Crop inventories and forest management
• Tropical deforestation
• Biodiversity
• Natural disasters / damage assessment (flooding,
  forest fires, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions,
  etc.)
• Generation of digital terrain models (DTMs)
• Ozone layer / monitoring of ozone layer depletion
  and green house effect.

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A radar view of the Earth ERS, ENVISAT
ERS-1/2
ENVISAT
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Living Planet Programme looking at the Earth in
a different way
The Living Planet Programme was created in
consultation with key players

• Europes scientists
• Industry
• European Commission
• EUMETSAT and many others

It comprises Earth Explorer and Earth Watch
missions
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Earth Explorer to better understand the Earth
Earth Explorer missions

• Research oriented, focused on specific
  topics/techniques,
• Regular flight opportunities,
• Lead by ESA (core missions) or other
  organisations
• (opportunity missions).

The first approved missions

• Core missions
• GOCE gravity and ocean circulation explorer
  (2006),
• ADM-Aeolus (Atmospheric Dynamics Mission)
  measures winds at all altitudes (2007).
• EarthCARE interactions between cloud, radiative
  and aerosol processes (2012)
• Opportunity missions
• Cryosat assessing the polar Ice ? destroyed by
  launch failure 8 Oct 2005
• SMOS soil moisture and ocean salinity (2007),
• Swarm survey of geomagnetic field (2009)

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Earth Watch to initiate a long term monitoring
of the Earth
Earth Watch missions

• (pre-)operational, service oriented
• Partners will take responsibility for long-term
  service continuity
• Partnership with European or national institutions

Candidate missions

• Global Monitoring for Environment and Security
  (GMES) initiative,
• National missions (InfoTerra-TerraSar, Pleiades,
  Cosmo SkyMed, Radarsat 2/3, Fuegosat),
• Operational meteorology (post-MSG, post-MetOp).

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Focus for the distribution of environmental
data ESA-Frascati (ESRIN) Earth Observation Data
Handling Centre
Focal point for distribution/ archiving of data
acquired via Earth stations from different
satellites
- ESA (ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT) - non-ESA
(Landsat, Tiros, JERS, MOS, etc.)
Activities also include

• planning ERS-2 and Envisat payload use
• interfacing with users
• pre-processing of data and product control
• development of quick online access to data,
  catalogues...

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Doing business with ESA
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Access to EO data (1)

• Category 1 proposals
• for scientific research, applications development
  or RD in preparation for future operational use
• accredited Cat 1 users Principal Investigators
  receive EO data at cost price
• PIs must submit detailed proposal via ESAs EO
  Principal Investigator portal
• PI must demonstrate availability of funds for
  carrying out the proposed research
• progress reports 2 times per year

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Access to EO data (2)

• Category 2 proposals
• data for operational or commercial use
• available from 2 competing resellers
• eurimage (www.eurimage.com)
• spot image (www.spotimage.fr)
• Announcements of Opportunity (AOs)
• issued by ESA on regular basis
• calls for proposals in particular fields
• in some cases data can be made available at no
  cost

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ESA Funding Opportunities

• ESA funding is available only to entities from
  Member States or Associated States
• EMITS - ESA Electronic Mail Invitation to Tender
  System (http//emits.esa.int)
• provides online information on all Intended and
  Current ITTs from all ESA programmes
• in order to have access to EMITS, and to the
  restricted area of the ESA Industry Portal, it is
  mandatory to register as an ESA potential bidder
  ? member states only

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Funding opportunities in EO

• DUE Data User Element Programme (2003-2007)
• Objectives
• foster the development of user communities
• support the development and demonstration of
  information products
• support industry in establishing useful services
• EOMD Earth Observation Market Development
• Objective
• To foster the emergence of a European Downstream
  Industry offering EO-based services, with the
  prospect of becoming sustainable, to Public
  Private customers on the global market

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Useful links

• www.esa.int ESA portal
• http//eopi.esa.int/esa/esa - ESA Earth
  Observation Principal Investigator Portal
• www.eoportal.org Earth Observation Portal
• www.eohandbook.com Earth Observation handbook

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Thank you!