CIVE 240 Technical Communications

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CIVE 240Technical Communications
Design of Highway BridgesbyGilbert Y.
Grondin, P.Eng.Department of Civil
Environmental Engineering
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Elements of a Highway Bridge
Superstructure consists of bridge deck and deck
supporting structure
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Arrangement of bridge spans
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Arrangement of bridge spans
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Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck
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Orthotropic Steel Bridge Deck
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Steel Grid Bridge Deck
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Deck supported by prismatic beams
Maximum Span on Record 300 m
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Modern Steel Plate Girder
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Composite construction improves the strength of
steel plate girders
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Shear studs used to attach deck to steel girders
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Steel plate girders supporting a reinforced
concrete deck slab
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Steel plate girders spliced at ends of drop-in
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French Creek Bridge
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Castlegar-Robson Bridge
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Deck supported by non-prismatic beams
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Haunched steel plate girders
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Haunched steel plate girders
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Erection by launching
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Lifting from barge
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Steel box girders are also used to support
concrete slabs
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Steel box girders
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Steel box girders
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Concrete box girders
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Confederation Bridge
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Cantilevers with drop-in span
Longest Span Segmental Precast Prestressed
Concrete Bridge Maximum Span 250 m
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Deck placed near the bottom of the superstructure
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Pony Plate Girder Railway Bridge
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Truss Bridges Maximum Span on Record 550 m
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Deck placed on top of trusses
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Teslin River Bridge, Yukon Territory
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Rock Creek Canyon bridge
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Second Narrows Bridge, Vancouver, B.C.
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Granville Island Bridge, Vancouver, B.C.
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Bridge deck placed at bottom chord of shallow
trusses (note absence of bracing for compression
chord)
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Lattice Pony Truss
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Aesthetics is not always a concern in design of
highway bridges.
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Takhini Bridge, Yukon Territory
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Bridge deck placed at bottom chord of deep
trusses (note bracing for compression chord)
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Nisutlin Bay Bridge (Yukon Territory)
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Lattice truss bridge aesthetic not the primary
design parameter
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Warren truss pedestrian bridge
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Combination of Through-Truss and Deck on Truss
Bridge
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Combination of Through-Truss and Deck on Truss
Bridge
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Alexandra Bridge, Ottawa
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Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland
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Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland
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Firth of Forth Bridge, Scotland
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Drop-in
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Balanced cantilever construction
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Jacques Cartier Bridge, Montreal
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Light Through Truss Bride
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Arch Bridges Maximum Span on Record 518 m
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Free Body Diagram of Arch (not in equilibrium)
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Free Body Diagram of Arch (in equilibrium)
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Truss bridge designed to act as an arch
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Reinforced concrete arch bridge
Photo courtesy Jacques Mossot
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Donner Bridge, California
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Sierra Boulevard Overhead
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Multiple arch bridge
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Arch bridge
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Port Mann Bridge, Vancouver
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Concrete Arch Bridge
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Cold Spring Canyon Bridge, California
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An arch cannot stand until it is completed
Dry Gulch Bridge, BC
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Cable-stayed bridges Maximum recorded span 890 m
Tower
Cables
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Small Cable-stayed bridge
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Cable Arrangements
Cables fanned from one point
Parallel cables
Cables arranged in intermediate pattern
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Rion Antirion bridge
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Alex Fraser Bridge, Vancouver
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Alex Fraser Bridge, Vancouver
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Alex Fraser Bridge, Vancouver
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H-Tower
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Inverted Y-Tower
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Cable Stayed Bridge
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Millau Viaduct, France Record for tallest piers
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Suspension BridgesRecord span 2 km
Tower
Main cable
Anchor
Hangers
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Golden Gate Bridge, California
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Covered Bridges
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Hartland Bridge, N.B.
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Loading on Bridges

• Dead load (self weight of the bridge)
• Live load (truck or train)
• Live load (pedestrian load)
• Wind load (vertical and horizontal)
• Earthquakes
• Accidental loads (truck impact, ship impact)
• Construction loads (structures are more
  vulnerable during construction)

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Live Load
CL-625 Truck (Canadian)
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Wind Load
Tacoma Narrows Bridge
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Earthquake Load
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Earthquake Load
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Accidental Loads
Note the great ductility of steel!
Was the superstructure composite?
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Allow clearance to minimize ship impact to
bridges over water
Lift bridge Ship height restriction
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Allow clearance to minimize ship impact to
bridges over water
Bascule bridge No ship height restriction
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There is always a risk that the ship will miss
the navigation channel!
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Construction Load Bridge Launching
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Bridge Launching
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Worst loading conditions often occur during
construction
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