http:www.hydrobiology.spb.ru - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 25
About This Presentation
Title:

http:www.hydrobiology.spb.ru

Description:

A statistician is a professional who dilegently collects facts and data and then ... stunned at this display of emotion, nervously watching as the president sat, his ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:279
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 26
Provided by: max9181
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: http:www.hydrobiology.spb.ru


1
??? 2
?????? ?????????????
http//www.hydrobiology.spb.ru
??????????
???_2009_1
???_2009_2
2
A statistician is a professional who dilegently
collects facts and data and then carefully draws
confusions about them
3
??????????? ???????????? - ?????????? ???????
???????????? ?????????, ?? ??????? ???????? ?????
??? ??????????? ????????.
??????? - ????? ??????????? ????????????,
?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????
???????????? ??? - ??????? ??? ?????,
????????????, ????? ??????? ???????? ????????
???????? (????????) ??????? ? ?? ??????????????
(????????) ? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????????
???????????? (?????????). ?????????????
???????????? ??? - ??? ??? ?????????????.
4
????????????? (????????) ??????????? ?????
?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ? ?? ????????.
-- ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????,
?????????????? ? ??????? ??????????? ???????, ?
???????? ?? ????????????? ? ???????.
??????? (?????????????? ????????????)
(?????????????? ????????) - ?????? ??????????
????????? (??????????).
5
  • ?????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????
    ????????? ????????
  • - ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????.

??????? - ????????, ??????????? ???????? ????
?????? (???????, ???????) ?????????? ?? ???????.
6
??????????
??????
Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758
??????(???)????????????? ??????????????
????- ?????- ?????? ? ????- ??????- ?????? ??????-
????????
???????????? ?????? ?? ??????????????? ?
??????????????? ??????????? (?????????? ?
???????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????????
??????????? (??????-?????????? ? ????????? ??????)
???????????? ??????????- ??????
?????- ???????? ????????
7
???????????? - ????????? ???????? ????????
???????? - ????????? ???????? ????????
???????????? - ????????? ???????? ????????
???????? - ????????? ???????? ????????
????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????
??? ?????????? ????????? ????????.
8
?????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????
???????????? ????? ??????? ????????????
?????-???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????
???? ????? ???? ????????.
?i ???????? (???????? ????????) n - ?????
??????? (?max - ?min) - ?????? ????????????
9
??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????
??????????, ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????????
??????? ????? ??????????? ????????????,
?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ????????.
????? ??????????? ???????????? ??
??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????,
?????????????
?) - ??????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?????
??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?) - ??????? ??
????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ???
????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????????????????,
?.?. ????????????????
10
? ???????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????
??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ? ??? ??
???????? ??? ? ? ??????????? ????????????.
?????????????, ??????, ?????????? ?? ????????
???????????????? ???????, ????? ???????
??????????? ? ?????????? ???????. ?????
??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????
???????????? ???????? ?????????????????.
11
The secretary of defense gave the president his
daily briefing. He concluded by saying
"Yesterday, 3 Brazilian soldiers were killed."
"Oh No!" the president exclaimed. "That's
Terrible!" His staff was stunned at this display
of emotion, nervously watching as the president
sat, his head in his hands. Finally, the
president looked up and asked, "Just how many is
a brazillion?"
12
?????????????????? ??? - ???????????? (?????????
????? ???????) - ??????????
??????? ?????? ???????
n
13
  • ??????? ?????????? ?????????,
  • ???? ???
  • ????????? ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????????
    ???????? ? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????
    ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????.
  • 2. ???????????? ???, ????? ????? ????????? ??
    ???????? (????????) ??????? ????? ??????
    ??????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ???????.

14
??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?
????????????
1. - ????????? ?????????
(????? ??????????)
2. - ??????????
????? ??????????? 1. ??????? ????????? 2.
?????????? ??? ?????????????????? 3. ???????? 4.
????????? ????????? ?? 1, 2 ? 3
15
??????? ????????? ???????
?????????? (??????????????????) ???????
???????? (?????????) ??????? - ?????????
???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??
???????????? ?????
???????????? ??????? - ???????????? ????? ?????
?????? ????? ?????? ??????????
??????????????? ??????? - ???????? ?? ?????????
?????????? ???????? ???????.
???????????????? ??????? - ??????????? ??????
????????? ???????????? ????????????
????????????? ?? ??????? ??????
16
???????? ???????????? ??????????? 1 - ??????
???????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? 2
- ??? ????? ?????????? ? ??????? ???????? ?
??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? 10 ??????
?????????? ???? 3 - ??????? ?????????? ?
??????????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????????????
??? ?? ???? ???????????? ????????
17
ACCURACY - ????????, ? ?????? ??????
???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????
PRECISION (??????????????) ??????? - ????????
???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????
6,285--gt 6,29 6,275 --gt 6,27.
18
A politician travelling in Scotland looked out of
the window and saw a number of black sheep.
Thats interesting, he said, all Scottish
sheep are black. No, no, warned his agent.
Dont make positive statements like that. Best
just say Some Scottish sheep are black. Isnt
that right, Jan? Jan, a statistician, replied,
Well, on the evidence so far, the only thing
you can say is Some Scottish sheep are black -
on one side
19
??????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????. ???????
?????????????? ???????. -------------------------
------------ ???? ??????????
????? ??????? ???????? 1
40 65 105 2
35 71
106 ????? 75 136
211 -------------------------------------
20
?????????????? ????. ????????????? ???? ?????
???? ???. ????. ????? ????????. ?g ?/??
1.6 2.0 3.8 11.2 11.7
???? ???????? ?????
??? ???? ???? ???. ????. ????????
?????????????, ?/?3 9.5 1.2 2.3
2.2 1.9 ???? ?????????. ??????? (?)
1 5 10 20 25
????????? ????????? ????, ???./?2 10 20
5 2 1
21
???????????? ???
??????????? (??????) ???????? - ?????? ???
?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????, ?
????????????? - ??? ?????????? ??????????
???????????? ?????.
1. ?????????? ???????????? ??? - ??? ????????????
???, ??????????? ? ?????????????? ????????,
???????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????
????????. ?????????? ???????????? ???
???????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?? ????
????. ? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????
???????? ????????, ? ?? ?????? - ????? ??????
???????????? ? ???????????? ????????? ????????.
22
??????? 4 6 10 7 7 5 9 8 4 6 6 5 7 9 8 6 7 7 5 8
6 7 5 7 ?????????? ??? ???????? Xi...
4 6 10 7 5 9 8
??????? (???) ???????.... 2 5 1
8 4 2 3 ????????????? ??????? ()- 8
28 4 32 16 8 12
23
?????? (????????? ?????????) ?????????????????
??? ???????????????????
? - ?????? ? - ????? ???????
? (?max - ?min)/?.
1. ? 12 3.
2. ??????? ????????? n 2(k1).
? 1 3.32lg(n)
4. ??? ngt100 ? 5lg(n) (?????, 1979).
5. ? 0,6 s, ??? s ??????? ??????????????
??????????.
24
???????????? ???????????? ? ???????????
???????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????? ?????
??????? (?????????????? )
 
25
??? ??????????? ?????????????????? ???????? -
??????????? ?????? ??????? - ?????????
???????????? - ??????????? ??????? ??????????
????????
- ????????? ????????????
V
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com