URBAN RISK MANAGEMENT

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• URBAN RISK MANAGEMENT

Case Study Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Developed by Inu Pradhan Salike, Lena
Saptalena, Ngoc Nhu Uyen Vo, Ruprama
Rai, Suman Salike, Tobias Kühner
03.07.2007
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Introduction Objectives Methodology Expected
Results Project Progress
Introduction
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Introduction
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Risk management was often historically viewed as
an ility affordability or a nice to have but
today it is not only below the state of the art,
but more importantly, below the level
needed. Source Effective risk management,
Edmund H. Conrow
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Introduction
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Wikipedia, 2007

• Nepal suffers various natural disasters every
  year
• Lies between Tibetan plate and Indian plate
• Especially prone to earthquake

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Introduction

• Kathmandu valley
• Kathmandu (Capital),
• Bhaktapur, Patan
• In ancient time, the valley
• covered by a big lake
• Characteristics to magnify
• seismic wave
• Prone to liquefaction

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Geology UK, 2006

• Rapid Urbanization in the valley
• Future estimation 60 and 70 of all buildings
  and infrastructure
• destroyed

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Introduction

• Focus on the study of Bhaktapur
• Listed by the UNESCO in World
• Heritage site
• Also known as the City of
• Culture, The Living Heritage,
• Gem of Nepal

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Durbar Square
Dattatraya
taumadi
Google earth, 2007

• Unable to hold the pressure of urbanization
• The ageing of the city and its compact
  settlement planning
• magnify the vulnerability

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Background
Bhaktapur
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• Population (2001)

• District 225,461 ppl 1,895 ppl/km2
• Municipality 80,000 ppl 11,628 ppl/km2

• 1934 EQ destroyed 20 and damaged 40 of the
  valleys
• building stock, taking 1328 lives in Bhaktapur
• The cultural heritage vulnerable to the
  emergency and post-
• disaster recovery and reconstruction phases
• Prepare a risk management plan considering the
  cultural value
• attached to the historic settlement

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Introduction Objectives Methodology Expected
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Objective
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Objectives
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Project Goal

• To develop a practical guideline of earthquake
  risks
• awareness, preparedness, and mitigation
  measures in
• the Kathmandu valley focusing on Bhaktapur core
  area

Project Objectives

• To raise awareness through education and
  training
• To involve stakeholders participation
• To upgrade the earthquake resistant technology
  (low cost
• techniques), improve building and
  infrastructure conditions

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Methodology
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Project Methodology
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Expected Results
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Expected Result
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Guideline Topics
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Guideline Topics
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Guideline Topics
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Project Progress
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Project Progress
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Study Core Aspect
Management and Publication Aspect
COMPLETED WORK
CURRENT WORK
FUTURE WORK
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Webpage
www.geocities.com/viva_bhaktapur
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References
References
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• 1 AMAA Inc, 1998. Bhaktapur.
• (http//www.catmando.com/bkt-municipality/intro.h
  tm)
• 2 Beres C A Wenck and Penelope J Johnston, 2004.
  Implanon and medical indemnity a case study of
  risk management using the Australian Standard.
  MJA 2004 181 (2) 117-119.
• (http//www.mja.com.au/public/issues/181_02_19070
  4/wen10263_fm.html)
• 3 Kreimer, A., M. Arnold, and A. Carlin, 2003.
  Building Safer Cities The Future of Disaster
  Risk. Washington, D.C. World Bank.
• 4 Lirung, 2007. Nepal Trekking Resources
  Kathmandu Valley Map
• (www.lirung.com/map/map_kath_valley/Kathmandu_Val
  ley_Map_e.html)
• 5 N/A. Earth Quake Hazards in Nepal. National
  Seismological Centre, Department of Mines and
  Geology, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• (http//www.bytesforall.org/8th/earthquake_nepal
  .htm)
• 6 Smith, W.W., 1978. Mythological History of the
  Nepal Valley. Svayambhu Purana. Avalok
  Publishers.
• 7 Wikipedia, 2007. Indian Plate
• (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Plate)
  meetings and website
• http//www.geocities.com/viva_bhaktapur

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Thank You for your attention
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Appendix
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NEPAL IN SEISMIC ZONE
Distribution of zone of probable maximum
intensity of earthquake classified in MM
(Modified Mercalli) scale (Reynolds, 2006).
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EARTHQUAKES IN NEPAL
Seismic record of earthquake in Nepal between
1911 and 1991 (NSET, 1998).
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POPULATION OF KATHMANDU VALLEY
Kathmandu Valleys population growth since 1800.
The triangles indicate major earthquakes in that
time period (NSET, 1998).