Excavations of Homeric Troy Mrs Grahams Ancient History

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Excavations of Homeric TroyMrs Grahams Ancient
History
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Evolution of Archaeology
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Archaeologists of Troy
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Schliemanns Diary
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Schliemans sketch of Troy
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Schliemans Legacy

• Schliemann was very good at stratigraphy, once he
  got started, not so good at architecture.His
  digging methods were crude, but he had a good
  strategy.He gathered a team of experts to the
  site photographers, surveyers, physical
  anthropologists, experts on numismatics ancient
  history, experts on plant remains. This practice
  helps contribute to his title of father of
  scientific archaeology.
• Schliemanns assistant Wihelm Dorpfeld, a German
  architect, identified Troys nine basic strata- a
  scheme that some archaeologists still follow today

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Treasures of Troy
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Blegen and Troy

• Blegen returned to Troy, digging there from
  1932-8, hoping that by bringing to bear the
  latest scientific techniques, he could find the
  Homeric level. He fine-tuned the stratigraphy,
  re-examined Troy V strata, which was Dorpfelds
  candidate for the Homeric Troy. Blegen disagreed,
  thought the destruction was natural (earthquake
  shift in foundation walls, rubble patterns,
  reoccupation of the place as a shanty town with
  refugees, etc.).
• Carl used highly refined excavation methods to
  differentiate 46 construction phases or sub
  strata.
• In untouched strata above Troy VI, Blegen
  discovered Troy VIIa, which seemed to show
  evidence of a siege and fall. Expecting to find
  this, Blegen declared it Homeric Troy.
• His most famous finds were a large palace from
  Troy VI, called the Pillar House and a Greek
  Roman sanctuary

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Pillar House from TroyVI
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Korfmann- New Focus, New Technology

• We are no longer interested in clarifying
  whether the Trojan War and the ensuing
  destruction of Troy VI around 1250 BC - really
  took place . Manfred Korfmann

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Focus of New Archaeology

• To Korfmann and his colleagues, the investigation
  of the ancient world is not about finding
  spectacular objects or evidence for the war.
  Rather they aim at a thick description of history
  of the city and its environs that is they seek
  to reveal, as completely as possible, all the
  material evidence that bears on life in Troy and
  the role Troy played in binding continents and
  cultures.

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NASA Satellite image of Troy
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Aerial View of Troy
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• Modern Archaeological Methods in Troy
• Dating samples Comparison of ceramic finds.
  Determining the amount of radioactive isotopes
  (C-14), thermoluminescence, dendrochronology
  (annual growth rings of wooden finds)
  Reconstruction of ancient Chemical analysis of
  samples, isotope trade routes examinations (lead,
  rare earths) Diet of the indigenous Statistical
  compilation of animal populatin bones and plant
  seeds, food chain analysis (trace elements and
  isotopes in human and animal bones)
  Reconstruction of landscape Depth drillings
  ("Archaeomog"), geomorphology, sedimentology Myth
  and poetry Philological study of ancient
  writings, oral tradition, mythological research
  Discovery of notable Geophysical survey
  (disturbances in the excavation sites Earth's
  magnetic field caused by walls, pottery or
  organic material). Drillings ("Archaeomog")
  Survey, documentation Topographic survey,
  orthoscopic photo- grammetry, computer-assisted
  recording of finds Visualization of the results
  Three-dimensional representation and animation
  using powerful computers.

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Magnetometers and Archaeomogs
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Cesium Magnetometer

• Using an electronic apparatus that measures
  electrical resistance in the ground Hans Jansen
  had charted large areas of the lower city,
  however it could only measure changes in soil
  composition to 3feet.
• In 1992 scientists began using a cesium
  magnetometer, the only one in the world, to
  detect disturbances in the earths magnetic field
  to a depth of 10 feet below the surface. The
  resulting data are processed and graphically
  displayed by a computer. It was with this
  instrument that Korfmann was able to discover and
  track the ditch

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Lower City of Troy
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Bronze Age pottery shards
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Wilusian coins
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Trading Connections
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Conclusions of Korfmann

• The results do not conflict with the state of
  Homeric scholarship
• Troia was An important city within the region
• A Bronze Age city, which in all essentials, as
  far as the layout of the city and the citadel, as
  well as the diagnostic finds was orientated
  towards Anatolia rather than the Aegean
• Troia was also known as Wilusa, a regional power
  which became a vassal of the Hittites in the 13th
  century BC
• The existance of a lower city can no longer be
  contested

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The Future Direction of Trojan Archaeology

• After the end of the Cold War, the Troad was no
  longer a military zone and land speculators made
  plans to build vast vacation resorts on the site
• The plans were halted in 1996 when the Turkish
  Government declared Troy a national historical
  park
• Troy has become not only an interdisciplinary
  project but also an international one, with
  scientists representing as many as 13
  nationalities, allowing for free exchange of
  information
• In 1998 Troy was added to UNESCOSlist of world
  cultural heritage sites and a large museum was
  completed
• Finds from Troy have been distributed among more
  than 50 museums and collections around the world.
  The Trojan gold now held in the Pushkin museum is
  claimed by both Germany and Russia
• Troys promise is to return to what it once was
  a place of cultural exchange between east and
  west , north and south