Small Business Server Disaster Recovery Myths, Mystery

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Small Business Server Disaster Recovery

• Wayne Small SBS-MVP
• Technical Director
• Correct Solutions Pty Ltd
• SBSfaq.com

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SBS Disaster RecoveryIt all works like normal
on one server, or multiple servers
Illustration Courtesy of SBSmigration.com
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SBS Disaster RecoveryIt all works like normal
use one server, or multiple servers

• SBS 2003 or R2 can be recovered, repaired, or
  replaced without impact to the domain using only
  a Full Server and System State restore via the
  included SBS Backup program.
• More options can be better
• All remaining discussion on this topic relates
  more to risk mitigation, or faster recovery time.
• Application tuned incremental recovery options
  exist.
• Drive Imaging or 3rd Party Backup products are
  best viewed as optional, but valuable.

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SBS is a Bad DR Risk?Myth SBS Domain DC Options

• Probably this concern is very overblown
• Most continuity options DR strategies from
  non-SBS domain and servers apply to SBS as well
• Any single server environment has challenges,
• but this is what the budget limited market needs
  for now.
• SBS domain allows adding separately licensed
  servers.
• Typically this has a lower cost than non-SBS!
• Multi-Server, Multi-DC, Fault-Tolerant options
  are available
• 1 Hurdle in SBS DR is unrelated to SBS licensing
• Namespace dependent application server
• plus
• Coincidental DC/Exchange on one box

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Windows Small Business Server 2003

• SBS 2003 Standard Edition
• Windows 2003 Server Domain Controller
• Exchange 2003 Server
• Fax / Print File Server
• Sharepoint Server / Collaboration
• Remote Web Workplace
• Automated Deployment and Management Tools
• Monitoring and Remote Management
• Extremely nice OS CALs price point
• New in R2 WSUS 3.0 Management Integrated to
  MMC 3.0
• SBS 2003 Premium Edition
• SQL Server 2000 R2 2005 Workgroup
• ISA Server 2000 or 2004 R2 2004

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Migration DR Methods too often Abandon the SBS
Domain
Production Domain
New Domain
Illustration Courtesy of SBSmigration.com
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SBS 2003 Server Responsibilities
Illustration Courtesy of SBSmigration.com
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SBS Disaster Recovery Myths

• SBS Domain DC Options
• Hardware Device Dependency
• Different Hardware Recovery
• Myths System Repair Options
• Recovery and Maintenance Planning

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Only 1 DC in SBS Domain? Myth SBS Domain DC
Options

• All SBS versions allow multiple-DCs
• SBS is constrained to retain all FMSO roles
• Only one SBS may permanently operate in a single
  domain.

All SBS
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SBS cant Join Existing Domain? Myth SBS Domain
DC Options

• SBS 2003 CD1 Setup boot (including OEM releases)
  allow SBS to install into an existing compliant
  domain
• EULA allows Time-limited use of a second SBS 2003
  in an SBS domain for transitions / upgrades
• In-Place Upgrade of existing 200x DC can allow
  SBS 2003 or R2 to install into existing domain
• ADMT migration from an existing domain preserves
  object SIDs, but not the domain itself.

SBS 2003
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SBS FSMO Constraints are a Risky and Major
Recovery Problem? Myth SBS Domain DC Options

• Flexible Server Management Operations (FSMO)
  roles are system operation authority which can be
  movedby transfer or seizure.
• All DCs in a common domain maintain identical
  full catalog copies of that AD domain by default
• Global Catalog (GC) roles are not required to
  distribute a complete replica inside a single
  domain model

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Cant Recover Domain from Dead DC or SBS? Myth
SBS Domain DC Options

• Graveyard Swing Migration can successfully pull
  back not only a server but a domain
• A recovery server replaced by Swing Migration
  with a clean server preserves the domain
• Dead solo DC is not the end of the domain
• Backup DC and recovery of AD on a dead DC provide
  very similar recovery options

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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AD Swing Migration MethodMigration based on
Disaster Recovery Techniques
Illustration Courtesy of SBSmigration.com
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SBS Disaster Recovery Myths

• SBS Domain DC Options
• Hardware Device Dependency
• Different Hardware Recovery
• System Repair Options
• Recovery and Maintenance Planning

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IDR Recovery Automation is Most Reliable?
Myths Hardware Device Dependency

• Independent Disaster Recovery (IDR) is a
  generalize name for 3rd party product automation
  for boot to restore or click to restore
• Many IDR solutions require identical hardware
• IDR systems can have fragile requirements,
  truly must be tested.
• IDR product marketing should be validated!
• Testing IDR can be tricky unless you have
• Access to identical hardware
• Alternative Drive to substitute for test restore
• Time Budget to take the business offline

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Best DR plan needs On-Site Duplicate Cold
Hardware? Myths Hardware Device Dependency

• Myth is that you can only be really prepared with
  identical cold server on-site
• This is only one DR approach, one DR issue, one
  resolution path
• Practical answer is that this solves some
  problems that have alternative options, but may
  introduce a confusion
• Live network protection can be just as effective
• Planning for identical hardware recovery steps is
  a bad planits an exception.

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Replace SBS NIC not Allowed Without Microsoft
Support? Myths Hardware Device Dependency

• SBS 4.x versions did indeed bind the licensing
  engine to the GUID of the primary NIC
• SBS 2000 and later dropped that feature
• SBS NIC Replacement is allowed, but remains as
  complicated as any scenario of NIC replacement in
  a DC.

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Myths

• SBS Domain DC Options
• Hardware Device Dependency
• Different Hardware Recovery
• System Repair Options
• Recovery and Maintenance Planning

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Drive Image Restore to New Hardware Wont Work
for DR? Myths Different Hardware Recovery (1 of
3)

• Alien image restore works, but has issues
• Boot critical conditions must be met
• Compatible HAL
• Accurate boot.ini, consistent Boot Device order
• Boot critical drivers installed
• Repair resolution paths are available
• Look at new 3rd party drive imaging products

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Restore of System State to new Hardware is
Unreliable? Myths Different Hardware Recovery
(2 of 3)

• It works A Disaster Recovery specialist needs
  this skill to be successful and empowered.
• Domain Controllers (including SBS) present
  challenges, special concerns for AD restore,
  Exchange, SQL, Monitoring
• Baseline install or (same hardware) ASR disk
  adequately prepared for an overlay restore of
  alien System State.
• Segmented Multi-Step restore may be necessary,
  better to have skill than rely only upon an
  automation tool.
• ASR Disks dont work for bare metal restore to
  different hardware

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Drive-Slide Relocation to new Server Hardware
will Usually fail? Myths Different Hardware
Recovery (3 of 3)

• Another of the three abandoned step-children of
  related misconceptions on System State, drivers
  and boot configurations
• Same rules apply as with alien disk cloning or
  alien System State restores

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Myths

• SBS Domain DC Options
• Hardware Device Dependency
• Different Hardware Recovery
• System Repair Options
• Recovery and Maintenance Planning

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Windows Service Pack Reinstall will Repair a
BSOD? Myths System Repair Options

• Reinstalling a Service Pack generally will not
  repair missing files and registry entries for an
  Operating System
• Windows 200x and XP introduced Service Pack files
  stored in a local cache folder, therefore
  already available.
• In-Place Upgrade as a repair will be helpful
• Reinstalling Application SPs generally is helpful
  for a repair

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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You can Boot or Restore Windows to a Known Good
Condition?Myths System Repair Options

• Windows 2003 is the only OS version that actually
  can accomplish thiswith caveat bare metal
  restore.
• Short-Filename (SFN) restore breaks cause
  fracture of registry/filepath alignment
• Windows 2000, XP, NT, 9x/ME cannot restore
  file-by-file to a known conditionnot with NT
  Backup or 3rd Party the flaw is in the Windows
  API
• Cold Drive Imaging is the only consistent
  solution for true restore to previous good
  condition

SBS 200x
Win NT/ME/9x
Win XP/200x
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ASR Recovery Disk is Required to Make a Complete
Restore? Myths System Repair Options

• ASR disk is a restore accelerator, but not
  required.
• The backup set made with an ASR is no different
  than what is created without requesting the ASR
• ASR disk is machine specific, so not valuable in
  restore to replacement server

SBS 2003
Win 2003
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Its Best to Build Clean New Domain if SBS is too
Dirty to Fix? Myths System Repair Options

• This likely will lead to reconfiguration on all
  PCs
• Workstation impact of new domain must be
  considered.
• Actual corruption of Active Directory is rare and
  generally should not be assumed.
• Saving the AD domain is almost always the
  preferable course, and it isnt hard.
• Mis-configured Group Policies make for bizarre
  behavior
• Group Policies are typically simple to repair or
  replace, but this is widely misunderstood.
• Applications and databases can be moved as data

SBS 200x
Win NT
Win 200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Myths

• SBS Domain DC Options
• Hardware Device Dependency
• Different Hardware Recovery
• System Repair Options
• Recovery and Maintenance Planning

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One Big C Partition is Best? Myths Recovery and
Maintenance Planning

• Oh, Please No!!
• Disaster Recovery from one large partition is
  much more complicated, time consuming and
  generally more at the risk of data loss
• Repairs may involve rolling back data for no
  reason other than uncertainty about the partition
• Best Scenario is isolated partitions for
• System Boot
• Client/Server Application Databases
• User Files

SBS 200x
Win NT
Win 200x
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OEM Media can Only Build New Domain Installation?
Myths Recovery and Maintenance Planning

• Actually, this is rarely the case Request OS
  installation media rather than preconfigured
  recovery disks.
• Most OEMs will provide standard install mediayou
  should always order itand a standard floppy
  drive
• OEM media cannot be used for in-place upgrade
  repairs of non-OEM installations

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Boot-Time Rollback Options can SP or Patch Update
Failure? Myths Recovery and Maintenance
Planning

• Dont count on it!
• Boot to Last Known Good Condition recovers only
  previous System Registry settings, but not other
  registry hives or any driver files
• Only a System State Restore offers general
  roll-back, and not even that will always workbut
  it usually does
• 3rd Party product solutions could help with
  sector based delta roll-back on drive writes

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Mysteries

• Boot Failures
• Running Setupas a Repair Step
• Exchange Store Repair Mount
• SBS Backup Services

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Crashed RAID5 not dead yet?

• Mystery
• RAID5 drive volume set become unrecoverable if
  more than N 1 drives go offline?
• Busted
• A hardware RAID can typically be recovered by a
  proprietary step to force the configuration to
  ignore a fault flag. The drive set can be mounted
  in the last stored condition, which may or may
  not be reliable.
• A hot spare usually protects from such issues

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Boot Failure Analysis

• Mystery
• Resolution of a Boot Failure is difficult
  unpredictable
• Busted (If I can do anything about it!)
• Actually not that hard, if you determine where in
  the boot cycle the failure is occurring. How to
  know that?
• Hardware Boot (BIOS Control transition to Device
  Selection)
• Master Boot Record (Device based transition to OS
  boot loader)
• OS Loader (OS specific bootstrap sequence to
  detect critical hardware present, preload
  drivers, registry and then pass control to
  initial them)
• Kernel Phase (Windows NT family initialization of
  core drivers and services with a pre-determined
  outcome)
• GUI Logon
• Infrastructure Completion

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Is BSOD Really Death with SBS?

• Mystery
• Many BSOD or boot failures cannot be repaired on
  SBS with damaging AD configuration?
• Busted
• Its true, some repairs can damage AD or
  Application configurations.
• This doesnt mean you cant repair, it means its
  a two step repair
• Repair to regain configuration boot success
• Restore System State condition

SBS 200x
AD/Exch 200x
Win XP/200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Mysteries

• Boot Failures
• Running Setupas a Repair Step
• Exchange Store Repair Mount
• SBS Backup Services

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SBS Domain Rises from the Ashes?

• Mystery
• It really cant be possible to repair a
  non-bootable SBS server without reconstructing it
  from scratch or having a System State backup?
• Busted
• You really can repair components and applications
  individually on an SBS.
• You do need to learn the interrelationship of
  SQL, Exchange, IIS, Sharepoint and AD
• Recovery of the configuration and data would
  regardless allow a rebuild with Swing.

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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OEM Install Tools Required?

• Mystery
• Must you use OEM tools to reinstall an SBS for
  the server to find text mode setup boot drivers?
• Busted
• No.
• Windows can restore any configuration if you have
  the drivers for the boot devices. The tools
  provided by OEMs are generally intended to
  automate installation sequences that can be
  performed without special tools or media.

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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Product Activation

• Mystery
• Does Product License Activation prevent you from
  replacing a SBS server/motherboard?
• Busted
• No.
• OEM vendors can/may allow replacement of hardware
  under warranty. Non-OEM products can be
  reactivated if the use conforms to product
  licensing (replacing previous server).

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Mysteries

• Boot Failures
• Running Setupas a Repair Step
• Exchange Store Repair Mount
• SBS Backup Services

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Store Mount Failed After DR

• Mystery
• An Exchange Information Store wont mount, but
  does it have data corruption?
• Busted
• Maybe? It could be corruption, but it could also
  be one of many different issues recently changed
• Anti-Virus scanner acting upon Exchange system
  files
• Incorrect Permissions on the Exchange folders
• Transfer of Information Store from higher level SP

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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Microsoft Exchange Data Repair

• Mystery
• Is there is a predictable path to recovery for
  Exchange Databases, or is it not worth attempting
  because there will be data loss regardless?
• Busted
• MS KBs reinforce dubious assumptions of lossy
  repairs
• For a single server Exchange Organization, it
  isnt unusual that recovery to a recent backup,
  or hard repair to a recent condition is quite
  acceptable
• First, try creating a new empty store
• Repair a copy of the original database

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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Microsoft Exchange Log Files Crisis?

• Mystery
• Is it critical to have all the Exchange Log files
  and Database files in order to recover the
  Information Store intact?
• Busted
• No. Exchange Logs in a relatively small scale
  environment are posted immediately, therefore
  they represent history, not uncommitted
  information. You can recovery without logs.

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Mysteries

• Boot Failures
• Running Setupas a Repair Step
• Exchange Store Repair Mount
• SBS Backup Services

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SBS Backup Skips Over Files?

• Mystery
• MS Backup isnt a complete System State recovery
  because it skips critical system files?
• Busted
• No. NT Backup (aka SBS Backup) skips files that
  are not required because they are generated
  dynamically, or not essential to recovery.

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Volume Shadow Copy Required?

• Mystery
• MS Backup of Exchange isnt complete because it
  doesnt use Volume Shadow Copy?
• Busted
• No. Volume Shadow Copy is an alternative to the
  method of backup that was used historically with
  Exchange. If VSS cant support the circumstance,
  the traditional method is used.

SBS 2003
Win 2003
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SBS Backup SQL Aware or Not?

• Mystery
• MS backup of SQL databases are not possible
  because theres no SQL agent?
• Busted
• No. SBS 2003 can perform a VSS backup which
  provides backup to that point in time when the
  database recovery model is set to simple.
• More info MS KB 828481
• However, transaction level recovery not included
  in simple model
• Optional Use Enterprise Manager first to backup
  to disk

SBS 200x
SQL 200x
Win 200x
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SBS Disaster Recovery Magic

• Boot on totally different hardware
• Repair Corrupted IIS or Website Problems
• Recover AD from dead Domain Controller
• Fix Administrator Lock-Out
• Fix a Replica DC that is not functional

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How to Prepare for Recovery in the Future Without
Identical Hardware?

• Preinstall a bootable PCI drive controller driver
• You will always have that controller as a boot
  option
• Crisis Resolution Magic
• Lift and Drop of a complete system drive (aka
  the entire C drive contents as is) onto totally
  different hardware can be handled easily
• A trivial bit of planned preparation requiring
  less than 15 minute preparation, perhaps an hour
  to implement as a recovery if needed.

SBS 200x
Win NT
Win XP/200x
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Website Microsoft Exchange Doesnt Work, and
yet I cant Imagine Reinstalling IIS on an SBS
server ?

• And yet this is not only possible, its actually
  quite an interesting project if you have two
  hours to spare. But as often as not, its not
  even required.
• Crisis Resolution Magic
• The biggest challenge is being able to tell when
  its needed.
• Uninstall Exchange and IIS
• Reinstall IIS, then Exchange
• Rerun SBS Setup to install Server Tools
• Include Sharepoint in reinstall

SBS 200x
Win XP/200x
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Fix Frustrating Conditions with Hung Server or
Administrator Lock-out

• Simple changes to Group Policies, Security
  Groups, or a folder permission can break or
  correct some shocking or odd scenarios that look
  like a disaster
• Crisis Resolution Magic Dont abandon itfix
  it!!
• Deny the Administrator from log on locally
• Access denied to the GP Management Console
• Access denied to the Sysvol
• Server hangs on applying Personal Settings
• Server hangs on applying Network Settings
• Server hangs on Welcome to Windows

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Replica DC didnt Maintain Network as Expected,
Domain Down Still?

• Added a replica Domain Controller to my SBS
  network, but when my SBS went offline, everything
  still didnt work despite that other DC.
• Crisis Resolution Magic
• DNS
• FSMO Roles
• Global Catalog
• Forwarders
• UNC References, particularly in the Netlogon and
  Group Policies
• Sysvol never replicated due to non-functional
  replication, prior Journal Wrap on the SBS

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Replica DC but it has no Sysvol (therefore
non-functional), so does That Mean a Scratch
Rebuild is Only Option or Could that be Fixed?

• Actually, theres really no reason to rebuild
  from scratch if you have the NTDS folder itself
  intact, even if the Sysvol is missing.
• Crisis Resolution Magic
• Rebuilding Sysvol is definitely a better
  alternative to rebuilding domain from scratch.
• DcGPOfix /targetboth
• Few SBS domains have customized Group Policies so
  reinstall SBS setup to restore the policies.

SBS 200x
Win 200x
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Graveyard Swing Migration Disaster Recovery
with a Server That Wont Even Boot?

• You can recover Active Directory from a Domain
  Controller, even if it has a severely damaged
  software or system registry and therefore wont
  boot, if only to save the AD and build a
  replacement server in the same domain.
• Crisis Resolution Magic
• Restore or in-place upgrade repair the DC.
• Even if the applications are broken, you can make
  the DC operationalthen Swing!
• Reconstruct a replacement server

SBS 200x
Exch 200x
Win 200x
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Jeff Middleton SBS-MVP Jeff_at_SBSmigration.com
www.SBSmigration.com
Wayne Small SBS-MVP Wayne_at_SBSfaq.com www.SBSfaq.co
m
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Resources for this session topic

• Includes Chapters
• by Jeff Middleton
• Swing Migration
• Disaster Recovery
• Other topics by 13 additional authors

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Resources
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