Report of CEOS SAR CALVAL subgroup activity

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Report of CEOS SAR CAL/VAL subgroup activity to
CEOS CAL/VAL Masanobu Shimada Earth
Observation Research Center / NASDA June 5-7
2001 ESRIN
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CEOS SAR CAL/VAL was held at EORC/NASDA during
April 2 - 5 2001 with nearly 60 participants
(every day).There were seven sessions with nearly
60 presentations and 18 posters. The details of
the sessions are as follows Session no. of
orals posters Polarimetry 8 1 Interferometry
10 2 Geometry/Radiometry/Calibration 6 8 ins
trument design and new concept 10 - Application(O
cean, Ship, Forest) 10 6 ALOS 6 - ENVISAT
9 -
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• 1. Polarimetry -
• 8 papers presented.(Application of POL-IN-SAR,
  Partial POL-SAR, Ship detection, Maximization of
  contrast, CAL of fully POL-SAR, Faraday rotation,
  CAL device, POL CAL using Amazon)
• Basic Polarimetric Theory, Fundamental Vector
  Inverse Scattering Diffraction Theory need to
  be advanced most rapidly for being able to
  develop multi-parameter wide-band
  POL-IN/TOMO-SAR algorithm development of
  multi-layered and distributed scattering
  scenarios
• Advancement of Fully-Polarimetric POL-IN-SAR
  Airborne Imaging Platform Technology in order to
  cover the 10MHz - 100GHz spectral domain
• Request for Time-shared Frequency-band Allocation
  with simultaneous interference suppression
  covering the 10MHz - 100GHz spectral domain
• Faraday Rotation is the problem for the POL SAR
  calibration.

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• 2. Interferometry importance in disaster
  monitoring
• 10 papers presented.
• Remarks on absence of a consistent long-term data
  series that only could allow a systematical
  analysis of long-term crustal phenomena,
• Remarks on unnecessary frequency changes between
  ERS 2 and ENVISAT and even worse between Radarsat
  1 and 2 that will make classical interferometry
  impossible continuing the same data series.
• The fast data delivery was advocated by all
  participants, and some very fast delivery
  occasion, including an efficient baseline control
  were related in correspondence of the Izmit
  earthquake.

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• 3. Geometry/Radiometry/Calibration
• 6 papers were presented.
• The need to maintain calibration with reference
  to a known physical standard such as a flat plat
  was stressed. Even though work with ERS and
  RADARSAT had demonstrated a high stability of the
  Amazon, questions about the longevity of the
  rainforest as a standard were raised.
• Round orbit calibration stability is a concern
  for new and more complex systems, in particular,
  for active antennas.
• The need for a network of devices is still raised
  to confirm this expectation and spilled into a
  discussion of finding additional natural targets
  with radiometric stability (and
  characterization).
• Discussion on the question dissemination of
  calibration information yielded several position
  statements
• Use WEB for effective information distribution

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• 4. Instrument design and new concepts
• 10 papers presented.
• Joining and harmonizing efforts at the
  international level appears to be highly
  necessary in order to set up a complete reliable
  global SAR system, including multi-frequency
  bands, higher spatial and temporal resolutions,
  higher accuracy (localization, radiometry, ),
  near real time availability of data, and
  polarimetry. - even function limited but cheaper
  - SAR (dedicated for the mission objectives) and
  cartwheel are recommended as future SARs.
• Concerns the very limited number of people all
  around the world familiar with the use of radar
  imagery for land applications, which requires the
  knowledge of a very large number of parameters.
• Many people agree on the necessity to improve the
  temporal resolution and mission continuity in
  future programs.

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• 5. Applications(Forest Ocean Ship detection)
• 10 papers presented.
• Forest study is one of the important issue that
  is closely related to the global earth
  monitoring. There are less studies at lower
  frequencies (incl. L band) although sensitivity
  to the biomass becomes higher as lower
  frequencies is.
• ALOS data at the qualified test site is
  necessary for the treasability and land product
  validation study.
• Ocean Operational use of SCANSAR for wind speed
  retrieval, Application of L band SAR for wind
  speed detection.
• Ship detection ship detection, soil moisture
  calculation

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• 6. ALOS Session
• 5 papers were presented plus a paper by
  Rosenqvist that described the planned data
  acquisitions in support of the Kyoto protocol.
• One of the feature - requires the high accuracy
  in calibration and correction of the faraday
  rotation. polarimetry is hoped to be very
  important for the SAR application, demonstration
  of the polarimetry data is required.
• possibility to use the Amazon rain forest for L
  band cross track antenna measurements?
• ionospheric disturbances affects the accurate
  measurement of polarimetric L band data.
• Expansion of the data products

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7. ENVISAT Session

• 9 papers presented.
• Background mission
• WS coverage of Antarctica in three successive
  operation cycles
• coastal zones to be monitored with even higher
  frequency
• Potential of ASAR modes
• AP interesting for ice/water discrimination
• AP could improve wave mode cross spectra
• HV performance will be limited for low
  backscattering and high incidence angle
• AP could be helpful in isolating atmospheric and
  ocean surface features
• JPL has experience with cross-pol measurements
  over ocean
• AP-IM interferometry has some potential for soil
  moisture monitoring (temporal decorrelation
  limiting factor) and classification (forest -
  non-forest)

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• Future works
• Place and Time for the next meeting
• (United Kingdom in 2002)

• Paper Submission
• Currently 48 manuscripts arrived.
• Due date June 30 2001
• June(?) CD-ROM will be distributed.