International Wilderness and Nature Reserves

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International Wilderness and Nature Reserves
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Issues are

• culture(s)
• wealth priorities
• mechanisms for protecting international
  wilderness nature reserves
• resident populations technology
• ecotouristm and exporting nature
• Travelogue

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• Culture(s)
• wilderness protection - U.S. phenomenon
• space wealth
• suitable areas left
• pioneering/individualistic tradition

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Although wealthy, perhaps beautiful, much of
Europe lacks anything really wild.
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N and S America. Why so different? Culture Especi
ally right to benefit from own effort
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• Wilderness in countries like us
• Canada
• Australia
• New Zealand
• Canada Finland - arctic areas
• South Africa

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Wealth priorities
the good life
material values
spiritual/esthetic/emotional/psych
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U.S. mat. values
spiritual, etc.
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awkward for us to convince them to do
right. More attention to nature for our
benefit As in U.S. 100 - 200 years ago, focu on
food, clothing, shelter
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• Mechanisms to protect international wilderness
  and nature reserves
• legal protection
• administrative zoning
• recognition in conservation programs

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• Systems based on international pressure and
  prestige
• Biosphere Reserves (MAB in UNESCO)
• World Heritage Sites (UNESCO)
• Ramsar Sites (Internat. treaty)

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• Resident people their technology
• U.S. model, .. man is a visitor who does not
  remain ...
• Increasingly accepted that people are part of
  the system
• But were in (dynamic) equilibrium

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• Problem Resident populations not what they used
  to be
• have pickups, chainsaws, rifles, etc.
• medicine saves the kids who used to die
• global communications raise aspirations

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Out of equilibrium (like all of us?)
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People
demands
returns
Land
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People
demands
returns
Land
technology
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animal biomass, including us
plants
food energy
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animal biomass, increasingly us
plants
food energy
fossil energy
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What is sustainable? ... meeting the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their
needs. Sustainable growth/development Yet to be
proved
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Ecotourism and nature exporting Ecotourists pay
for experiences Who gets the profit? Cultural
political system matter
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Travelogue
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Chilean national parks ...
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Beautiful country, volcanic attractions
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hot springs ...
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interesting species ...
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Beautiful lakes Lago Puyehue ...
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But, mixed authority effect of roads ...
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Residents, often with rights ...
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plush hotel ...
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charcoal burning (cash crop) ...
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appropriate behavior?
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appropriate color?
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Rio Simpson N.P. ... burning
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Traditional residents
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Slash burn, OK up to a point.
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often get wildlife conflicts ...