Smithers Secondary School

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Smithers Secondary School

• Mr. Gogag

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ENGINE LUBRICATION
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ENGINE LUBRICATION
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Engine Lubrication System

• The task of the engine lubrication system is
• to provide the engine components with a
• sufficient quantity of lubricating oil. The oil
• has to assume a number of tasks

Lubrication of all sliding parts
Cooling of the engine parts - overheating
protection

• Removal of deposits, combustion residues and wear
  debris

Corrosion protection
Micro sealing (e.g. piston rings)
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Engine Lubrication System
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ENGINE LUBRICATION PARTS
Oil Galleries are used to direct the oil around
the engine.
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Motor Oil
The steady flow of oil supports, lubricates and
cools the bearings.
As it moves up through the rest of the engine, it
also lubricates the camshaft and valve train
components, and fills the hydraulic lifters or
cam followers to eliminate valve lash.
Oil splash from the crankshaft also cools and
lubricates the pistons and cylinders.
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Motor Oil Additives

•        - Anti-oxidants         - Corrosion
  inhibitors         - Detergent/dispersants
          - Rust inhibitors         - Pour Point
  depressants         - Viscosity Index improvers
          - Anti-wear agents         - Reserve
  alkalinity         - Foam suppressors         -
  Friction modifiers

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Oil Ratings (Viscosity)
American Petroleum Institute
C Diesel S Gas
Society of Automotive Engineers

EXAMPLE 10W30 Oil   10 viscosity _at_ -18 oC (0
oF)    W cold weather use  30 viscosity _at_
99 oC(210 oF)

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Viscosity
Examples of single-grade oils with
low-temperature performance are SAE 5W, 10W or
15W. The presence of a W in oils grade (such as
10W or 80W) indicates low-temperature
performance. Anytime you see the W, think of it
as standing for winter or cold.
Typically multi-grade engine oils are 5W-30,
10W-30 15W40 and 20W-50. Typical multigrade gear
lubricants are 75W-90, 80W-90 and 85W-140.
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WHICH VISCOSITY TO USE?
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WHICH VISCOSITY TO USE?

• Low viscosity motor oils that pour easily at low
  temperatures typically have a "5W" or "10W"
  rating. There are also 15W and 20W grade motor
  oils.
• Higher viscosity motor oils that are thicker and
  better suited for high temperature operation
  typically have an SAE 30, 40 or even 50 grade
  rating.

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Lubrication Systems

• Pressure
• Splash
• Drip
• mist

Most modern vehicles use a pressure lubricating
system.
These systems usually incorporate a Pressure
Relieve Valve in the system.
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Ford 1.9L engine, the oil pressure relief valve
is located just below the oil filter
relief valve sets the maximum oil pressure that
the oil pump will produce. Low oil pressure may
cause the lifters to be only partially filled
with oil, causing the engine horsepower to drop
abruptly.
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Oil Pump
The oil pump's job is to suck oil in from the
crankcase and push it through the filter and oil
galleries to the crankshaft and camshaft
bearings.
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Oil Pressure
The oil pump by itself doesn't create oil
pressure. It only pushes oil from one place to
another. It's a positive displacement pump that
moves oil as it turns.
So as long as the oil encounters no resistance,
the pump creates no pressure. But oil does
encounter resistance as it flows through the
filter, narrow oil galleries and bearings.
Oil is an incompressible liquid, so as resistance
builds so does oil pressure.
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Oil Filter
Bypass valve
Filter element
In an oil filter, the oil flows into the filter
on the outside of the filter element, passing
through the filter element and out to the engine.
The bypass valve, shown on the cutaway filter
above, is to allow the oil to bypass the filter
element should the element become plugged. (Thick
oil,High revving)
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How About the Filtration Medium?

• In general, the more expensive filters have
  better filtration. Even if two (2) different
  filters look identical on the outside, they very
  well may have different filtration media inside
  them. There are really 4 levels of filters

• lowest quality capturing 40 micron sized
  particles.
• Around 25 micron filters.
• Mid-grade These are generally 10-20 micron
  filters.
• Premium 10microns

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WHY OIL NEEDS TO BE CHANGED

• Regardless of an oil's service rating or additive
  package, all motor oils eventually wear out and
  have to be changed (actually, it's the additives
  that wear out more so than the oil).

Oil life depends on many factors including
driving conditions (speed, load, idle time,
etc.), environmental factors (temperature,
humidity, airborne dirt), and engine wear. As a
general rule, most experts still recommend
changing the oil and filter every 3,000 miles or
six months, which ever comes first.
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Why Engines Fails
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Oil Pump
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