Agricultural Engineering

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Agricultural Engineering
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Careers in Agriscience Mechanics

• Attracts students interested in operation,
  maintenance, service and selling of agricultural
  equipment
• tractor mechanic
• farm machinery assembler
• agriculture safety engineer

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Careers in Agriscience Mechanics

• Careers in horticulture such as
• irrigation engineer
• lawn mower mechanic
• agriculture equipment designer
• Education varies with the type of career chosen
  and working conditions

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Careers in Agriscience Mechanics

• Broad field
• Electricians design and wire structures
• Diesel Mechanics work on diesel equip.
• Builders of structures and equipment

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Agriculture Engineering

• Tools of the Trade

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Turning tools

• Turning tools are tools used to turn nuts, bolts,
  or screws.

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Turning tools

• An adjustable wrench turns various size nuts and
  bolts.

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Turning tools

• A Phillips screwdriver turns Phillips head screws.

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Turning tools

• A pipe wrench is used to turn and hold pipe.

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Turning tools

• A regular socket is a general-purpose socket for
  turning nuts and bolts.

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Turning tools

• A slotted screwdriver is used to turn slotted
  screws.
• Also called a flathead screwdriver

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Cutting Tools

• Cutting tools are used to cut, chop, saw, or
  otherwise remove material.

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Cutting Tools

• A bolt tap is used to cut inside threads in order
  to repair damaged threads on a nut.

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Cutting Tools

• A cold chisel is used for cutting metal

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Cutting Tools

• A cutting torch is used for cutting metal with
  heat.

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Cutting Tools

• A hacksaw is used for sawing metal

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Cutting Tools

• A portable circular saw is used for sawing wood
  in construction projects.

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Layout and Measuring Tools

• A tape rule is used for straight or curved
  measuring down to 1/16.

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Layout and Measuring Tools

• Calipers give the most accurate diameter
  measurement of round objects.

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Layout and Measuring Tools

• A chalk line reel is used to mark straight lines.

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Layout and Measuring Tools

• A zigzag rule is a folding rule used for straight
  measuring down to 1/16.

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Driving Tools

• Driving Tools are used to move another tool or
  object.

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Driving Tools

• A ball peen hammer is used for hammering metal.

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Driving Tools

• A curved claw nail hammer is used for driving
  nails.

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Driving Tools

• A nail set is used for countersinking nail heads,
  below the surface of wood

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Driving Tools

• A pin punch is used for driving out metal pins.

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Driving Tools

• A sledgehammer is used for heavy hammering.

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Holding tools

• Holding tools are used to grip wood, metal,
  plastic, and other materials.

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Holding tools

• A bar clamp is used to clamp large sections of
  wood together.

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Holding tools

• A C clamp is used for clamping two or more pieces
  of metal together.

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Holding tools

• A drill press vise is used to hold stock while
  drilling.

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Holding tools

• A hand screw clamp (clamp) is used for clamping
  wood together.

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Holding tools

• Vise grip pliers are used for extra firm gripping.

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Shop Drawings
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Reading a Ruler
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Rulers

• An inch is broken down into 16 parts (in most
  rulers)
• Uses fractions (5/8, 3/16, ½)

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Using Drawing Instruments

• Simple project designs
• First item needed is a sharp lead pencil
• A protractor is used for drawing and measuring
  angles

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Simple project instruments

• A twelve inch ruler will work for basic drawing
• A compass is used for drawing circles and arches

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More detailed plans

• The drawing board is used for attaching the
  drawing paper
• Masking tape is used to secure the drawing paper
  to the drawing board
• The T square is helpful for drawing horizontal
  lines

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Detailed plans

• The right triangle is used to draw vertical lines
• The scale is an instrument with all increments
  shortened according to proportion

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Basics of drawing

• A sketch is a rough drawing that is not to scale.
  
• Does have dimensions included
• A pictorial drawing shows all 3 dimensions at
  once
• Front
• Side
• top

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Pictorial drawing

• Top view
• Side or End view
• Front view

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Basics of drawing

• A scale drawing is one that represents an object
  in exact proportion although the object is larger
  or smaller than the drawing itself

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Basics of drawing

• If the scale is ¼ 1 on the drawing would
  equal 4 on the actual object
• Therefore, a 2 line on the drawing would equal
  8 on the object
• The scale will vary depending on the size of the
  object being drawn

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Fire Hazards and Safety
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Safety awareness

• Safety is being prepared since almost 50 of all
  farm related accidents involve working with
  machinery and equipment
• Safety is developing an environment free from
  danger, risk or injury

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Safety Awareness

• The 1 key to shop safety is the people who use
  the shop
• Be trained in shop equipment
• Take a safety test

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Principles of safety

• Keep the shop in an orderly manner to prevent
  tripping and related injuries

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Keeping the shop in order
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Safety

• Remove unnecessary hazards such as oily rags

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Safety

• Minimize danger by making certain all machines
  have safety shields in place prior to and during
  operation

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Principles of safety

• Wear appropriate clothing and devices
• Safety glasses and goggles prevent eye injury
  from dust and flying objects
• Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection should
  items be dropped or fall on the feet
• Ear plugs or muffs can prevent hearing loss when
  the noise level exceeds 90 decibels

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How loud is 90 Decibels

• For every six decibels, the intensity of the
  sound doubles
• 20 decibels Whispering voice
• 60 decibels Normal Conversation
• 90 decibels Lawn mower
• 110 decibels chainsaw
• 140 decibels Rock concert or a firecracker

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Safety color coding in the agricultural mechanics
shop

• Development of safety color coding
• National organizations worked together
• American society of agricultural engineers and
  the safety committee of the American Vocational
  Association published a code

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RedDANGER

• Identifies areas or items of danger or emergency
  such as safety switches and fire equipment

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OrangeWARNING

• Used to designate machine hazards such as edges
  and openings
• Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs

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YellowCAUTION

• Used to identify parts of machines, such as
  wheels, levers, and knobs that adjust the machine
• Used in combination with black to mark stairs,
  protruding objects, and other stationary hazards

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BlueINFORMATION

• Used for signs if a warning or caution is
  intended.
• Messages include OUT OF ORDER or DO NOT
  OPERATE

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GreenSAFETY

• Indicates the presence of safety equipment,
  safety areas, first aid, and medical practice

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Reducing Fire Hazards

• To produce fire, three components must be present
  at the same time.
• Components of the fire triangle
• Fuel
• Heat
• Oxygen

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Fuel

• Any combustible material that will burn.
• Common fuels are
• Oily rags
• Paper
• propane
• Most materials will burn if they are made hot
  enough in the presence of oxygen

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Heat

• Type of energy that causes the temperature to
  rise.

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Oxygen

• A gas in the atmosphere.
• It is not a fuel but must always be present for
  fuels to burn

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Fire Prevention

• Take away one of the three components of the fuel
  triangle and fire will not start or will stop if
  has started
• Safe storage of fuels
• Clean shop facilities

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Fire Extinguishers

• Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used
  for different kinds of fires prior to fire
• Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that
  time will not be taken looking for the
  extinguishers. (on walls easy to reach)

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Fire Protection

• Fire extinguisher should be aimed at the base of
  flames and used until flames are completely
  extinguished.
• Fire blankets are most effective for smothering
  small flames on an individuals clothing or
  person.

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Smothering a fire

• Best used on a person whose clothes are on fire
• Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen
  off to the fire