What is chemical digestion

1
What is chemical digestion?

• Changing big nutrient molecules into their
  smaller building blocks
• REQUIRES ENZYMES
• Example Proteins broken down into amino acids.
  Proteins and amino acids are different
  substances.

2
Where does chemical digestion occur and name the
enzyme found in each location

• Mouth- salivary amylase
• Stomach - pepsin
• Small intestine- amylase, lipase, protease

3
What is mechanical digestion?

• Food is broken into smaller pieces by teeth or
  churning
• Big protein molecules broken down into smaller
  protein molecules
• Big fat molecules broken down into smaller fat
  molecules

4
Where does mechanical digestion take place?

• Mouth
• stomach

5
What types of organisms do cell respiration?

• All Living things- grass, trees, birds, dogs,
  cats, gorillas, monkeys, bugs, etc etc.

6
Give an example of a catalyst

• Any enzyme!
• Catalysts are things that speed up reactions

7
In this sentence what does catalyze mean?How do
enzymes catalyze reactions?

• Speed up

8
What is the equation for a catalyzed reaction?

• Enzyme substrate --gt enzyme product
• the substrate is what is broken down into
  product (example H202 broken into H20 and O2

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(No Transcript)
10
Can enzymes ever be used up?

• NO. Enzymes are never used up and are not
  changed from reactions.

11
How many substrates can an enzyme work on?

• ONE! Enzymes are specific, they only attach to
  one substrate. Just like a key only goes with
  one lock.

12
What had a faster reaction- raw or cooked liver?
Why?

• Raw liver. Liver has enzymes in it. Cooked
  liver means the liver was in heat. Heat causes
  enzymes to denature which means they lose their
  shape. Enzymes must have an exact shape (like a
  key) to work

13
What conditions have an impact on how well
enzymes work?

• pH (acidity and basic) and temperature. Enzymes
  like to be in a certain range. If enzymes are in
  environments that are too hot, too cold, too
  acidic or too basic they wont work as well and
  might not work at all

14
In the lab, what items had catalase (hydrogen
peroxidase) in them?

• Catalase (hydrogen peroxidase) is an enzyme. All
  enzymes are found in living things. So they
  would be found in raw liver and cooked liver

15
Hydrogen peroxide is made by reactions in our
body and is dangerous to our cells. It must be
broken down by the enzyme hydrogen peroxidase
16
http//cccmkc.edu/hk/keikph/Enzyme/catalase.htm
17
What order does food travel through the digestive
tract beginning with the mouth?

• Mouth then esophagus then stomach then small
  intestine then large intestine then rectum then
  anus

18
What are the 3 major groups of nutrients?

• Carbohydrates, lipids (fat), protein

19
Where are the salivary glands located?

• Mouth

20
This connects mouth to stomach

• Esophagus

21
This is the place where most absorption and
digestion takes place

• Small intestine

22
This is under the stomach and makes enzymes

• pancreas

23
The first place where carbs are broken down
chemically by enzymes

• Mouth

24
This is where peristalsis occurs

• Esophagus

25
This is where wastes are produced

• Large intestine

26
Here you can find villi

• Small intestine

27
This produces bile

• liver

28
Where are carbs broken down by salivary amylase?

• Mouth

29
Are vitamins and minerals considered nutrients?
Where are they absorbed?

• They are not nutrients because they do not have
  calories
• They are absorbed in the large intestine

30
The places where no digestion occur

• Esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, large
  intestine, rectum

31
This is the place where churning occurs

• Stomach

32
This is where vitamins and minerals are absorbed

• Large intestine

33
Here you find little fingerlike projections that
absorb nutrients

• Small intestine

34
What enzyme breaks carbs down chemically into
simple sugars?

• Amylase

35
Last place where digestion occurs

• Small intestine

36
This is where wastes are stored right before they
exit the body

• rectum

37
In this spot, nutrients such as amino acids,
fatty acids and simple sugars are small enough to
pass into villi

• Small intestine

38
This is where reabsorption of water occurs

• large intestine

39
This is where any extra water is removed before
it exits the body

• large intestine

40
This is a triple threat- proteins, lipids and
carbs can be broken down chemically here

• Small intestine

41
Pepper, mustard, horseradish, nicotine, coffee
and alcohol irritate this

• Stomach

42
What is the flap that covers the opening to the
wind pipe (trachea) when you are swallowing food?

• Epiglottis

43
This structure is under the stomach and is
important for making enzymes

• pancreas

44
Here you can only find simple sugars

• Mouth (because in mouth ONLY carbs are broken
  down into simple sugars by amylase)

45
Here you can find amino acids, fatty acids and
simple sugars

• Small intestine (because carbs are broken down
  into simple sugars by amylase proteins are
  broken down into amino acids by protease and
  lipids broken down into fatty acids by lipase)

46
The place where waves of muscular contractions
move food

• esophagus

47
This structure makes the enzymes protease,
amylase and lipase

• Pancreas

48
This is where proteins are broken down into amino
acids by the enzyme pepsin

• Stomach because enzyme pepsin is made by stomach

49
The name for the mushy ball of food that leaves
your mouth and goes down the esophagus

• bolus

50
This is the place where ONLY proteins can broken
down by enzymes

• stomach

51
Is bile an enzyme? What does it break down?

• NO it breaks down fats by mechanical digestion.
  It takes big lipids (fats) and turns them into
  smaller pieces of lipid (fat)

52
This is where carbs are broken down into simple
sugars by the enzyme pancreatic amylase

• Small intestine

53
This structure makes 3 enzymes that it releases
into the small intestine

• pancreas

54
The 2 places where both chemical and mechanical
digestion occur

• Mouth and stomach

55
Proteins are broken by pepsin in this location

• stomach

56
How do enzymes cause reactions to go faster?

• They lower the energy needed for the reaction to
  start (enzymes lower the activation energy)

57
This is where lipids are broken down into fatty
acids by the enzyme lipase

• Small intestine

58
Where you can find gastric juice

• stomach

59
This is the place where ONLY CHEMICAL digestion
occurs

• Small intestine

60
What are the 3 biomolecules (nutrients)?

• Proteins, lipids, carbs

61
All digestion finishes in this location

• Small intestine

62
Empties bile into the small intestine

• Gall Bladder

63
What is the building block of carbs? (another
way of asking that iswhat are carbs broken down
into by enzymes?)

• Simple sugars

64
What is enzyme specificity?

• 1 enzyme for every substrate

65
Breaks down proteins in the small intestine

• protease

66
Is H202 (hydrogen peroxide) or catalase the
enzyme?

• catalase

67
This enzyme is found in mouth and small intestine

• Amylase

68
What letters do enzymes end in?

• -ase

69
How are photosynthesis and respiration related?

• They are opposites. The products of one are the
  reactants of the other

70
What is the building block of lipids? (another
way of asking that is what are lipids broken
down into by enzymes?)

• Fatty acids

71
What is the building block of proteins? (another
way of asking that iswhat are proteins broken
down into by enzymes?)

• Amino acids

72
Glucose is an example of which biomolecule
(nutrient)?

• carbohydrate

73
What is being irritated if you have heartburn?

• Esophagus

74
Which does not change from beginning of a
reaction to the end- enzyme or substrate?

• enzyme

75
Enzyme in the stomach

• pepsin

76
Fats are also called

• lipids

77
What types of living things can do photosynthesis?

• Organisms that have chloroplasts- autotrophs -
  trees, grass. Flowers, plants, etc.

78
What does aerobic mean?

• oxygen

79
Which 2 steps of respiration are aerobic?

• Krebs and Electron transport chain (because
  aerobic means requires oxygen)

80
Which 2 steps of respiration require oxygen?

• Krebs and electron transport chain

81
What are the 3 steps of respiration and how much
ATP do they make?

• Glycolysis makes 2 ATP 2) kreb s makes 2 and 3)
  electron transport chain makes 34 ATP

82
During anaerobic respiration (no oxygen present)
what happens?

• Instead of the krebs cycle and electron transport
  chain, glucose is changed into lactate (lactic
  acid)

83
What cells do photosynthesis? Where does it
happen?

• Plant cells. In the chloroplasts

84
What cells do respiration? Where does it take
place?

• Animal and plant cells. All living things do
  respiration! Mitochondria

85
What are the parts of the plant and what is each
used for
86
What are the products of respiration?

• Carbon dioxide, 38 ATP, water

87
What are 3 things that effects photosynthesis?

• Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and
  light intensity

88
What is needed (the reactants) for photosynthesis?

• Carbon dioxide, sun energy, water

89
What goes into the mitochondria during cell
respiration?

• Glucose and oxygen

90
Which step of respiration produces the most ATP?

• Electron transport chain

91
How much ATP does each step of respiration
produce?

• Glycolysis gives 2 ATP
• Krebs cycle gives two
• Electron transport chain gives 34

92
What happens in glycolysis?

• Goes in Glucose (C-C-C-C-C-C) a 6 carbon
  molecule is split into 2. Each new molecule
  C-C-C is called pyruvate

93
What is correct order of aerobic (oxygen)
respiration?

• Glycolysis, krebs, and electron transport chain

94
What is anaerobic respiration?

• No oxygen available, glycolysis keeps repeating
  over and over

95
ATP is produced during which steps of cell
respiration?

• Glycolysis, krebs and electron transport

96
Which step(s) of respiration require chloroplasts?

• None. Chloroplasts is for photosynthesis.
  Respiration occurs in mitochondria