Naturalism

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Naturalism

• A literary movement whose objective was the exact
  and scientific description of social reality.
• 1890s-1914

By Emily Adams, Ashley Dame and Mark Passero
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Why is this period called Naturalistic?

• It was during this period that people began
  questioning some of the previously supported
  theories and ideas. A time of reform, this
  period related science to socialism and was also
  a form of realism. People and characters were
  analyzed by their relationship to their
  surroundings.

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Major Events

• 1900- Scientist R.A. Fessendn transmits human
  speech via radio waves
• 1901- Century of Electricity Begins
• 1902- US acquires perpetual control over Panama
  Canal Bacon becomes the 1st man to cross the
  Irish Channel in a balloon
• 1903- Wright Brothers successfully fly a powered
  airplane Henry Ford founds the Ford Motor
  Company

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Major Events

• 1908- Dollar Diplomacy (new approach to foreign
  affairs dollars more effective than bullets )
  1st True Skyscraper built (The Singer, lower
  Manhattan)
• 1909- US president intervenes in Nicaragua to
  eliminate their President, Jose Santos Zelaya.
• 1911- 1st Coast-to-coast US flight (49 days)
  Standard Oil Company (broken in the largest
  anti-trust case in US history)

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Major Events

• 1912- American Marines intervene in Nicaragua to
  prevent revolt
• 1913- Federal Reserve Act (country now divided
  into 12 districts with their own bank) First
  home electric refrigerator costs 900
  Suffragettes march in Washington (5,000 women
  demanding votes for women)
• 1914- Clayton Antitrust Act (expanded government
  power against antitrust violations) Us
  intervenes in Mexican Civil War (Mexicos
  president Victoriano Heureto forced to surrender)

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Major Events

• 1904- Theodore Roosevelt elected President
• 1905- Albert Einstein develops theory of
  Relativity
• 1906- Food Drug Act and the Meat Inspection
  Act passes US troops occupy Cuba (Cuban leader
  asked US to intervene after revolt broke out)
  Susan B. Anthony dies
• 1907- Great White Fleet Sails (16 American
  ships on a world wide voyage) Gentlemens
  Agreement (Japan agreed to withhold passports of
  those wanting to immigrate to the US)

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AUTHORS
Frank Norris- The Octopus (1901)- stunning
novel of the days of the Frontier West. A
dispute between the wheat farmers and the
southern pacific railroad. Theodore
Dreiser-Sister Carrie (1900)- powerful account of
young working girls rise to success and slow
decline. It depicts real-life subjects in a
harsh Light. Thomas Hardy- Jude the obscure
(1895)- a poor stones man named Jude Fawley,
meets and starts a relationship with a women
named Sue Bridehead. When tragedy test their
union, sue is not up for the challenge. Stephen
Crane- Maggie a girl of the streets (1893)-story
of young slum girl driven to poverty and
loneliness. Jack London- White Fang (1905)- a
wolf cub finds himself to be the sole
survivor of his litter. He is put into the wild
along, where each day becomes a fight to survive.

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MORE AUTHORS
Henry James- The wings of the dove (1902)-
Milly Theale, a rich, young, and alone fairy tale
princess in the world moves to Europe to find
happiness. Human greed and human tragedy are the
themes. Upton Sinclair- The Jungle (1906)-
uncovers the horrors of the meat-packing
industry. Samuel Butler- The Way of all
flesh (1903)- depiction of an upbringing in a
God-fearing Christian family. Edith
Wharton- The House of Mirth (1905)- brilliant
portrayal of human betrayal and nobility. Story
of a woman addicted to the pleasure of money.
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MUSIC

• 'Till the Sun Shines, Nellie" (1905)
• Words by Andrew B. Sterling, 1874-1955
• Music by Harry Von Tilzer, 1872-1946

• To Mr. Arthur Brisbane, with my
  compliments.---Paul Dresser. "Give Us Just
  Another Lincoln" (1900) Words and Music by Paul
  Dresser, 1858-1906

• "Everybody Works But Father" (1905)
• By Jean Havez
• Sung by Lew Dockstader and His Great Minstrel
  Company

• "Down By the Old Mill Stream" (12 August 1910)
• by Tell Taylor, 1876-1937

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• Sung by Mme. Schumann-Heink, Miss Florence
  HInkle
• and Mr. Dan Beddoe.
• "Danny Boy" (1913)
• Song.
• Words by Fred. E. Weatherly

Oh, Danny Boy the pipes are calling From glen to
glen, and down the mountain side, The summer's
gone and all the roses falling, It's you, it's
you must go, and I must bide, But come ye back
when summer's in the meadow, Or when the valley's
hushed and white with snow. It's I'll be here in
sunshine or in shadow, Oh, Danny Boy, oh Danny
Boy, I love you son!

• "The Purple and White" (1913)
• by George T. Goldthwaite

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• "Give My Regards to Broadway" (1904)
• One of the Musical Hits from Geo. M. Cohah's
  Latest Play
• "Little Johnny Jones" (The Yankee Doodle
  Commedian)
• Words and Music by George Michael Cohan, 1878-1942

Did you ever see two Yankees part up on a foreign
shore, When the good ship's just around about to
start for Old New York once more? With
tear-dimmed eye they say goodbye, they're friends
without a doubt When the man on the pier Shouts
"Let them clear," as the ship strikes
out. CHORUS Give my regards to Broadway, remember
me to Herald Square, Tell all the gang at Forty
Second street, that I will soon be there Whisper
of how I'm yearning, To mingle with the old time
throng, Give my regards to old Broadway and say
that I'll be there e'er long. 2. Say hello to
dear old Coney Isle, if there you chance to
be, When you're at the Waldorf have a smile and
charge it up to me Mention my name ev'ry place
you go, as 'round the town you roam Wish you'd
call on my gal, Now remember, old pal, when you
get back home. (CHORUS)
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Prominent People

• Emile Zola- French journalist and novelist, born
  in 1840.
• Founder of naturalism in literature
• Envisioned a type of fiction that would examine
  human life with the objectivity of scientific
  inquiry

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Prominent People

• Albert Einstein- scientist/ theorist
• Upton Sinclair- author of the Jungle
• Wilheim Bilthey- author of Experience and
  Poetry about naturalistic ideas and socialism
• Teddy Roosevelt- (26th pres.) helped dig the
  Panama Canal/ received Nobel Peace Prize stopped
  war between Russia and Japan

Einstein
Sinclair
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Hairstyles like dress fashions often change
gradually, moving slowly from one line to
another. These are some drawings of hair styles
circa 1900-1914.
Fashion
1906 1906 1908
1911
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Womens Fashions
Kimono Sleeve, 1908!
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1913 bathing suits!
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Men's Fashion!
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Architecture!
Flatiron Building Location New York,
NY Architect Daniel H. Burnham Date Completed
1902 Height 285 feet Citys first
skyscraper, New Yorkers worried that it would
topple over. Flatiron is an energetic mix of
Gothic and Renaissance styles. Twenty two
stories
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Houses of the time period!
American Foursquare (1900-1920)
Built to offer the most house for the least
amount of money, there may have never been a more
popular or practical house than the American
Foursquare. Typical features of the Foursquare
are boxy, two-story body, hipped roofs, dormers,
front porches, and deep overhangs.
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1890s-1930s
Tudor
The Tudor style house was derived from early
English sources. Steeply-pitched roofs,
decorative half-timbering and casement windows
are commonly found on most variations. Tudor
houses in Rochester are usually brick or stucco
with some finer examples built of stone.
Interiors are frequently dark with stained trim,
wainscotings, and doors. The hardware and
lighting fixtures are often wrought or simulated
wrought iron.  
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Technology

• 1900- U.S. Scientist R.A. Fessenden transmits
  human speech via radio waves.
• 1901- Century of Electricity begins!
• - hormone adrenaline first isolated!
• 1902- Millar Hutchinson invents the first
  electrical hearing aid.
• 1903- Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully fly
  a powered airplane.
• 1905- J.B. Murphy develops first artificial
  joints for use in hips of an arthritic patient.
• -Albert Einstein develops the
  theory of relativity!
• 1913- Henry Ford introduces the first assembly
  line for production of Model T.

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FINE ART
On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt. - Claude
Monet
Scullery Maids - Bail
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The Joy of Life. 1905 - 6 - Henri Matisse
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard. 1910 - Pablo
Picasso
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Speed and energy were the main preoccupations of
the Futurists from around 1910 - dedicated to the
triumph of motion in modern life.
FUTURISM
Simultaneous Contrasts Sun and Moon. 1913 -
Robert Delaunay
The Traveller. 1915 - Liubov Popova
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LANDSCAPE
Landscape - Paul Cezanne
Apple Picking at Eragny-sur-Epte. - Camille
Pissarro
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Major Characteristics

• Viewed human beings as products of biological
  determination ruled by hereditary instincts and
  engaged in an endless struggle for survival.
• Products of socioeconomic determinism, ruled by
  social and economic forces beyond their control.
• Ignored highest level of society.
• Focused on degradation, alcoholism, poverty,
  prostitution, insanity and disease/
• Claimed homosexuality, and birth control
  unnatural.
• Offshot of realism naturalists sought to
  apply evolutionary principles of Charles
  Darwinism to their fiction!

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Summary!
During this Naturalistic Period, Socialism was
related to science and began an offshoot of
realism. Progressive Reform. People expressed
themselves as individuals! Naturalism describes
a type of literature that attempts to apply
scientific principals of objectivity and
detachment to its study of human beings, unlike
realism naturalism implies a philosophical
position in which people can be studied through
their relationships to the surroundings!