Applications of XML

1
Applications of XML
2
Applications

• domain specific vocabularies
• structured data
• as a complement to HTML

3
Applications

• metadata for documents
• improved search engines
• distributed applications
• granular updates to web-pages

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Applications

• round-trip HTML (Microsoft)
• intelligent agents
• structured records
• XML objects
• web-site meta-content
• XML structured query results

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Applications

• GUI for applications
• persistent object storage formats
• interactive parts catalogues
• electronic service manuals
• online process/procedures documentation
• EDI (Electronic Data Interchange - XEDI)

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Benefits

• self-describing
• DOM
• client-side data manipulation
• user-customisable data views
• SAX / XSLT
• middle-tier data servers
• transformation of XML source into arbitrary
  target formats

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XML languages

• defined by DTDs (or Schemas)
• data associated with a particular area
• commercial or industrial activity
• technical web markup
• scientific disciplines
• communities of interest
• data exchange
• flexible domain-specific applications

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language consortia

• standard DTD and/or Schema held at a URL
• defined XML namespace (URI)
• development community
• language features
• editing tools
• possibly browsers
• language-aware applications
• user community

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XML and eCommerce

• development of eCommerce
• web presence
• corporate internet
• online ordering
• back-office functionality
• B2B eCommerce
• variety of XML business languages

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Commerce XML

• (CXML www.cxml.org/)
• set of DTDs supporting
• purchase orders
• invoices
• product catalogues
• general B2B transactions

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Commerce XMLCatalog DTD Extract
lt!ELEMENT SupplierPartID (PCDATA)gt lt!-- string
--gt lt!ELEMENT SupplierPartAuxiliaryID
ANYgt lt!-- A unique identification of an
item. SupplierID is not required since
ItemIDs never travel alone. --gt lt!ELEMENT ItemID
(SupplierPartID, SupplierPartAuxiliaryID?)gt
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eCommerce Modelling Language

• (ECML www.ecml.org/)
• supports eCommerce transactions
• implemented in CyberCash, electronic wallet etc.
• consortium includes MicroSoft, VISA, AMEX,
  MasterCard, CyberCash, ...

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ECML DTD Extract
lt!ELEMENT Ecom ( PCDATA ShipTo BillTo
ReceiptTo Payment User
Merchant Transaction TransactionComplete )
gt lt!ATTLIST Ecom id ID
IMPLIED ConsumerOrderID CDATA
IMPLIED Merchant CDATA
IMPLIED Processor CDATA
IMPLIED SchemaVersion
"http//ecml2.trade.ietf.arpa" IMPLIED
WalletID CDATA IMPLIED gt
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ECML DTD Extract
lt!ELEMENT ShipTo ( PCDATA Postal Telecom
Online ) gt lt!ATTLIST ShipTo id
ID IMPLIED gt
lt!ELEMENT Postal ( PCDATA Name Company
Street City
StateProv ) gt lt!ATTLIST Postal
id ID IMPLIED
PostalCode NMTOKEN IMPLIED
CountryCode NMTOKEN IMPLIED gt
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Frameworks

• provide broader cross-industry standards for
  document exchange formats in XML
• templates for marking up data
• templates can be transformed into different XML
  formats
• established frameworks
• RosettaNet, BizTalk, CommerceOne

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World Wide Web Consortium

• www.w3c.org
• responsible for HTML standards (now XHTML)
• maintain and develop XML standards and
  technologies
• host XML language development initiatives

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XHTML

• XHTML is the reformulation of HTML 4.0 as an
  application of XML (DTD published January 26th
  2000)
• XHTML is a well-formed version of HTML.
• The elements (tags) and attributes are almost
  identical to HTML.
• XHTML tags are all lowercase.
• All tags, including empty elements, must be
  closed.
• Pages written in XHTML recognised by modern
  browsers.

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XHTML

• elements must nest properly
• ltfont colorgreengtltpgthellolt/fontgtlt/pgt
• would be rejected
• elements are all lowercase
• all elements must be closed
• ltimg srccabbage.gif /gt
• ltpgt stuff lt/pgt
• no keyword attributes
• lthr noshadenoshade/gt

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Why XHTML?

• Extensibility
• eases the development and integration of new
  collections of elements
• Portability
• a growing percentage of Internet access is on
  palm computers, TVs, fridges, cars, phones, etc.

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Wireless Markup Language WML

• defines web pages for WAP phones and PDAs
• similar to XHTML but different navigation
• WML document is a deck of several cards
• has a scripting language WMLScript based on
  ECMAScript
• mobile devices interact via WAP gateways with
  intranet systems

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ltwmlgt ltcard id "paybill" title "Welcome"gt
ltpgtWelcome to Pay your bill from your cell!
lt/pgt ltpgtEnter the amount
ltinput type "text" name "amount" format
"N"/gt lt/pgt ltdo type"accept" label
"Submit amount"gt ltgo href "pay"/gt
lt/dogt lt/cardgt ltcard id "pay" title
"PAID"gt ltpgtYou have paid (amount). Thank
you! lt/pgt lt/cardgt lt/wmlgt
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Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language
(SMIL)

• allows multiple multimedia sources to interact in
  a coordinated way
• not possible in HMTL
• SMIL can be browsed using RealPlayer
• can be embedded in a web page using a Java Applet

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ltsmilgt ltheadgt ltlayoutgt ltroot-layout height
"300" width "280" background-color"bbbbee
" title"Example"/gt ltregion id"image1"
width"177" height"230" top"35" left"50"
background-colorred"/gt lt/layoutgt lt/headgt
ltbodygt ltseqgt ltpargt ltimg src"book1.jpg"
region "image1" /gt ltaudio
src"bounce.au" dur".5s"/gt lt/pargt
lt/seqgt lt/bodygt lt/smilgt
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Extensible 3D LanguageX3D

• Extension of VRML using XML
• joint specification by Web3D consortium and w3c

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ltX3Dgt ltHeadergt ltmeta name'myrocket'
content'rockt.xml'/gt ltmeta name'desc'
content'simpleexample'/gt lt/Headergt ltScenegt
ltNavigationInfo type '"EXAMINE"
"ANY"'/gt ltViewpoint descriptionD' position'0 0
6'/gt ltShapegt ltappearancegtltAppearancegtltmateri
algt ltMaterial diffuseColor '0 0.75
1'/gt lt/materialgtlt/Appearancegtlt/appearancegt
ltgeometrygt ltCylinder radius '0.4'
height '2'/gt lt/geometrygt lt/Shapegt
lt/Scenegt lt/X3Dgt
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MathML

• MathML is an application of XML
• low-level specification for describing
  mathematics
• basis for machine-machine communication
• provides a foundation for the inclusion of
  mathematical expressions in Web pages

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MathML

• facilitates the use mathematical content
• on the Web
• computer algebra systems
• print typesetting
• voice synthesis
• applets and plug-ins available now
• translators and equation editors availabe
• w3c Amaya browser embeds in IE5 and Netscape
  Navigator 6

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MathML
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MathML
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lthtmlgt lt!-- Calculus expression written in MathML
--gt ltbodygt ltmathgt ltmrowgt ltmsubsupgt
ltmogtIntegrallt/mogt ltmngt0lt/mngt
ltmrowgt ltmngt1lt/mngt
ltmogt-lt/mogt ltmigtxlt/migt
lt/mrowgt lt/msubsupgt
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ltmsqrtgt ltmrowgt ltmngt4lt/mngt
ltmogtInvisibleTimeslt/mogt
ltmsupgt ltmigtxlt/migt
ltmngt2lt/mngt lt/msupgt
ltmogtlt/mogt ltmigtylt/migt
lt/mrowgt lt/msqrtgt ltmogtdeltalt/mogt
ltmigtxlt/migt lt/mrowgt lt/mathgtlt/bodygtlt/htmlgt
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Chemical Mark-up Language CML

• represents molecular and chemical information
• Jumbo browser renders molecules in a 3D format
• ChiMeraL browser for CML provides various
  visualisation tools including 3D rotation

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ltCmolecule id "Ammonia"gt ltCatomArray
builtin "elsym"gt N H H H
lt/CatomArraygt ltCatomArray builtin "x2"
type "float"gt 1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0
lt/CatomArraygt ltCatomArray builtin "y2"
type "float"gt 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.5
lt/CatomArraygt ltCbondArray builtin "atid1"gt
1 1 1 lt/CbondArraygt ltCbondArray builtin
"atid2"gt 2 3 4 lt/CbondArraygt
ltCbondArray builtin "order" type"integer"gt
1 1 1 lt/CbondArraygt lt/Cmoleculegt
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Other Mark-Up Languages

• EcoKnowMICS ML
• for describing, sharing, and presenting economic
  data on the Web
• MusicML
• encodes music
• GML - Geography Mark-up Language
• for describing geographical information in GIS
  applications
• and many, many more ..