International Development Research Centre, Canada

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• International Development Research Centre, Canada
• Middle East Regional Office, Egypt
• Regional Water Demand Initiative
• www.idrc.ca/wadimena

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Organization of the day

• Presentation of the region and countries
  experience in demand management
• Panel discussion
• Recommendations

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Aim

• To engage a debate on water demand management,
  the current status and the way forward

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Objectives

• To reflect and debate the Arab region experience
  and the main drivers and obstacles in
  implementing Water Demand Management policies
• Share knowledge and experience on best practices
  in WDM in the region in both agriculture and
  municipal water demand as a response to water
  scarcity and emerging global challenges
• Identify ways to promote water reforms to propel
  WDM tools and strategies at the policy
  formulation and implementation.
• Identify further research, capacity building
  needs and regional networking frameworks to
  promote innovation in mechanisms needed to bring
  WDM as a governance issue higher on the water
  policy agenda

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Water Demand Management (WDM)

• Refers to any measure that aims to
• improve the efficiency of water used to achieve a
  specific task
• adjust the nature of the task or the way it is
  accomplished so that less water or less high
  quality water is used
• reduce losses in quantity and/or quality of water
  flows from source through use to disposal and/or
  shift the timing of use from peak to off-peak
  periods.
• WDM also includes measures to increase the
  effectiveness of the water system to serve
  society during times when water is in short
  supply (e.g. drought).
• D. Brooks (2004)

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• WDM is simply getting the most from the water
  that we have
• Requires adequate technical, institutional,
  regulatory and political backup to ensure
• Social equity (access and responsible use)
• Economic efficiency
• Environment sustainability

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Critical issues
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MENA water challenges

• Scarcity of physical resources is chronic and
  aggravated by
• Inefficient use
• Reuse is not progressing as it should be
• High loss from the source to the point of use
• Scarcity of organizational capacity aggravated by
• Institutions roles and responsibilities
• Human resources
• Mutual accountability for achieving sustainable
  water outcomes
• Attitude and behaviour of the users, the
  politicians and the society
• Lack of awareness about the gains in water
  saving, economic incentives Visible versus
  invisible, understanding of what WDM is about

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• Agree that we need to do something
• Do not agree on what and how to do it

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• WDM is about changing the perception on water as
  a finite and fragile resource that needs to be
  valued, conserved and protected
• The right of every citizen to access sufficient
  quality and quantity is not put together with the
  responsoble use of it
• Water is like health it is priceless but it has a
  cost tht can be minimized
• The economic instruments are yet to be put in
  their social context. Drinking water and water
  used for agribusiness export and bottled water
  are different uses that require different
  approaches .

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Sustainabilty of the resourcesCostly depletion
of GW Participation of Man and woman is akey to
change
WB 2007
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Drop in level of the Souss Aquifer,
MoroccoExport agriculture has implication on
poor peasant livlihoods
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• 30 km3 water loss in Countries from Morocco to
  Lebanon in urban supply

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Non revenue water Ratio for utilities

NRWR, is water loss, including unauthorized
consumption and metering inaccuracies and real
loss from leakage (distribution and service
connections.)
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Operating cost coverage Ratio for Utilities in
selected cities in MENA region

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Dynamic in policy

• Water law 10-95 Morocco
• Water Law in Yemen 2003
• KSA Water strategy started in 2003 and adopted in
  2008
• Water Demand policy in Jordan 2008
• Water policy in Lebanon 2008

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Bold steps in the right direction
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Potential impact on MDGs

• Saving water is a two fold issue
• Saving investment for the government

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Water saved provides access to the socially
disadvantaged segments
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• Water saving is key to sustainability and health
  of our ecosystems Enforcement of pollution
  regulation

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Cross subsidies and tariff blocks
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Results take time to come
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Quality of water policy and institution
The index covers the adequacy of the policy mix
(legislation, property rights and rationing or
allocation mechanisms) as well as instruments and
policies to control pollution
WB (2007)
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What we do need

• To start with easy non controversial measures
• Better use through incentives and disincentives
• Decentralize decentralize decentralize
• Participation Participation Participation
• More and Better water reuse with regulation for
  safety, economic impact and environment
  externalities
• Political will and backup
• Public awareness and societal engagement
• Social equity
• Stepwise process
• Institutional capacity building
• Water saving devices and building codes are yet
  to be enforced

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