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Linux Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition

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Title: Linux Guide to Linux Certification, Second Edition


1
Linux Guide to Linux Certification, Second
Edition
  • Chapter 3
  • Linux Installation and Usage

2
Objectives
  • Install Red Hat Fedora Linux using good practices
  • Outline the structure of the Linux interface
  • Enter basic shell commands and find command
    documentation
  • Properly shut down the Linux operating system

3
Installing Linux Installation Methods
  • FTP server
  • HTTP Web server
  • NFS server
  • SMB server
  • Virtual Network Computing (VNC) server
  • Packages on hard disk

4
Performing the Installation Starting the
Installation
  • Boot from first Red Hat Fedora Linux CD-ROM
  • Largest problem is initiating a graphical
    installation
  • Disable framebuffer
  • Framebuffer Abstract representation of video
    adapter card hardware
  • Instead of direct communication with video
    adapter

5
Performing the Installation Starting the
Installation (continued)
Figure 3-1 Beginning a Red Hat installation
6
Performing the Installation Starting the
Installation (continued)
  • Press F2 at Welcome screen to get installation
    options
  • Check media for errors prior to installation
  • Optional, but recommended

7
Performing the Installation Starting the
Installation (continued)
Figure 3-2 Viewing installation options
8
Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and
Monitor
  • Keyboard model and layout automatically detected
  • Check Emulate 3 Button if mouse does not have
    third button
  • Most monitors automatically detected
  • If not, try to locate on list of monitor models
    or use generic model with correct horizontal and
    vertical sync
  • Incorrect monitor settings can damage monitor

9
Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and
Monitor (continued)
Figure 3-4 Selecting an installation language
10
Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and
Monitor (continued)
Figure 3-5 Verifying keyboard configuration
11
Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and
Monitor (continued)
Figure 3-6 Selecting a mouse type
12
Choosing the Language, Keyboard, Mouse, and
Monitor (continued)
Figure 3-7 Verifying monitor configuration
13
Specifying the Installation Type
  • Personal Desktop
  • GUI environment and common applications
  • Workstation
  • Same as Personal Desktop plus administrative and
    network tools
  • Server
  • Several server services
  • Custom

14
Specifying the Installation Type (continued)
Figure 3-8 Choosing an installation type
15
Hard Disk Partitioning
  • Filesystems can be accessed if attached (mounted)
    to a directory
  • Minimum of two partitions
  • Partition for root directory
  • Partition for virtual memory (swap memory)
  • Area on hard disk used to store information
    normally residing in physical memory (RAM)
  • Automatic or manual partitioning

16
Hard Disk Partitioning (continued)
Table 3-1 Common Linux filesystems and sizes
17
Hard Disk Partitioning (continued)
Figure 3-9 Choosing a disk partitioning method
18
Hard Disk Partitioning (continued)
  • Different types of filesystems
  • Ext2 Used on most Linux computers
  • Ext3 Performs journaling
  • Vfat Compatible with Windows FAT filesystem
  • REISER Performs journaling
  • Journaling Keeps track of the information
    written to the hard drive
  • Disk Druid Graphical partitioning program

19
Hard Disk Partitioning (continued)
Figure 3-10 The Disk Druid partitioning utility
20
Hard Disk Partitioning (continued)
Figure 3-11 Creating a new partition
21
Configuring the Boot Loader
  • Boot loader Program started by BIOS ROM
  • Loads kernel into memory
  • Can also boot other existing OSs
  • GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) Boot loader
    configured during Fedora Linux installation
  • Dual booting Choose OS to boot at startup

22
Configuring the Boot Loader (continued)
Figure 3-12 Configuring a boot loader
23
Configuring the Boot Loader (continued)
  • Boot loader usually resides on the MBR or on
    first sector of / or /boot partition
  • Kernel parameters Information passed to Linux
    kernel via the boot loader
  • Large Block Addressing 32-bit (LBA32) Enables
    Large Block Addressing in boot loader
  • For large hard disks not fully supported by the
    BIOS

24
Configuring the Boot Loader (continued)
Figure 3-13 Configuring advanced boot loader
options
25
Configuring the Network and Firewall
Figure 3-14 Specifying a network configuration
26
Configuring the Network and Firewall (continued)
  • Will NIC be activated at boot time?
  • Manual IP configuration
  • Set IP address, Netmask, host name, gateway,
    primary domain name space (DNS)
  • Automatic IP configuration via DHCP
  • Firewall prevents traffic from entering computer
  • Customize which traffic is allowed through

27
Configuring the Network and Firewall (continued)
Figure 3-15 Configuring a firewall
28
Choosing a System Language and Time Zone
Figure 3-16 Selecting additional language support
29
Choosing a System Language and Time Zone
(continued)
Figure 3-17 Choosing a time zone
30
Creating the Root User
  • Authentication Users log in via valid user name
    and password
  • Configure two user accounts
  • Administrator account (root)
  • Full rights to system
  • Regular user account

31
Creating the Root User (continued)
Figure 3-18 Setting a root password
32
Selecting Packages
Figure 3-19 Selecting packages
33
Installing Packages
Figure 3-19 Package Installation
34
Completing the Firstboot Wizard
  • Complete the installation
  • License agreement
  • Graphics settings
  • User accounts and authentication
  • Install additional software
  • Log in with user account for daily tasks
  • Shadow password stored in separate DB from user
    accounts
  • MD5 password encryption method

35
Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued)
Figure 3-22 Setting the date and time
36
Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued)
Figure 3-23 Configuring screen resolution and
color depth
37
Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued)
Figure 3-24 Creating a regular user account
38
Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued)
Figure 3-25 Configuring user information
39
Completing the Firstboot Wizard (continued)
Figure 3-26 Configuring authentication
40
Basic Linux Language Shells, Terminals, and the
Kernel
  • Terminal Channel allowing users to log on to the
    kernel locally or across a network
  • Shell Transfers user input to kernel
  • BASH Shell (Bourne Again Shell) Default Linux
    shell
  • Command line shell
  • Linux allows multiple terminals, each with its
    own shell

41
Basic Linux Language Shells, Terminals, and the
Kernel (continued)
Figure 3-27 Shells, terminals, and the kernel
42
Basic Linux Language Shells, Terminals, and the
Kernel (continued)
  • Graphical Interface
  • Start GUI environment on top of BASH shell o
  • Or, switch to a graphical terminal
  • e.g., GNOME Display Manager (gdm)
  • From the local server, use key combinations to
    change to separate terminal
  • Command-line terminal may be accessed from GUI
    environment
  • Command prompt
  • Root user
  • Regular user

43
Basic Linux Language Shells, Terminals, and the
Kernel (continued)
Table 3-2 Common Linux terminals
44
Basic Linux Language Shells, Terminals, and the
Kernel (continued)
Figure 3-29 Accessing a command-line terminal in
a GUI environment
45
Basic Shell Commands
  • Commands Indicate name of program to execute
  • Case sensitive
  • Options Specific letters starting with -
    appearing after command name
  • Alter way command works
  • Arguments Specify a commands working parameters

46
Basic Shell Commands (continued)
Table 3-3 Some Common Linux commands
47
Shell Metacharacters
  • Metacharacters Characters with a special meaning
  • e.g.,
  • Refers to a variable

48
Shell Metacharacters (continued)
Table 3-4 Common BASH Shell metacharacters
49
Getting Command Help
  • Linux distributions contain many commands
  • Manual pages Most common form of documentation
    for Linux commands
  • man pages
  • At command prompt, type man followed by a
    command name
  • Contain different sections
  • Info pages Set of local, easy-to-read command
    syntax documentation
  • At command prompt, type info followed by a
    command name

50
Getting Command Help (continued)
Table 3-5 Manual page section numbers
51
Shutting Down the Linux System
Table 3-6 Commands to halt and reboot the Linux
operating system
52
Summary
  • Most software information can be specified at
    installation
  • Network configuration and package selection
    should be carefully planned before installation
  • CD-ROMbased installation
  • Easiest
  • Most common
  • Rarely requires installation boot disk

53
Summary (continued)
  • Installation prompts for language, boot loader,
    hard disk partitions, network configuration,
    firewall configuration, time zone, user accounts,
    authentication, and package selection
  • Users must log in to a terminal and receive a
    shell before they are able to interact with the
    Linux system and kernel

54
Summary (continued)
  • From any type of terminal you can enter commands,
    options, and arguments at a shell prompt to
    perform system tasks, obtain command help, or
    shut down the Linux system
  • The shell is case sensitive and understands a
    variety of special characters called shell
    metacharacters, which should be protected if
    their special meaning is not required
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