Ocean Life

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Ocean Life

• Life
• ? contains matter in a highly organized state
• ? can capture, store and transmit energy
• ? is capable of reproduction
• can change through time and adapt to the
• environment

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Biogeochemical Cycles
Biogeochemical Cycles movement of atoms
molecules between living and non-living realms of
the Earth Carbon - present in all organic
molecules Nitrogen - found in proteins and
nucleic acids Phosphorus and silicon found in
rigid parts of organisms Iron and trace metals -
used for electron transport
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Nitrogen Cycle
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Evolution and Life in the Ocean

• Organic Evolution adaptation of living organisms
  through time to changing environmental conditions
  via natural selection
• Evolutionary mechanisms are inheritance and
  mutation

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Natural Selection
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Inheritance
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Mutation

• A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence
• Mutations can lead to genetic disorders or
  disease.
• Most mutations are recognized because the
  characteristics displayed by an organism have
  changed

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Evolution and Life in the Ocean

• Species distinct group of similar organisms that
  can mate with each other and produce fertile
  offspring, i.e. Canis domesticus
• Convergent Evolution evolution of similar
  characteristics in non-related organisms

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Extinctions
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Evolution and Life in the Ocean

• Linnaean Systematics man-made organization of
  organisms into closely related groups
• Scientific names binomials (Pachycheilosuchus
  trinquei)

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Cladistics
Systematic analysis of relationships based upon
shared derived characters
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Physical Factors Affecting Marine Life

• Aspects of the physical environment that affect
  living organisms
• Light
• Temperature
• Dissolved gases
• Salinity
• Acid-base balance
• Dissolved nutrients
• Hydrostatic pressure

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Biological Factors Affecting Marine Life

• Osmosis marine organisms are isotonic (dissolved
  substances in their cells are similar to those in
  seawater) in freshwater marine organisms are
  hypertonic - water moves into their cells, which
  absorb the water and burst
• Surface to Volume Ratio transport of fluids
  within the body requires specialized mechanisms
  in larger organisms limits size of organisms
  without these specializations

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Biological Factors Affecting Marine Life

• Gravity Buoyancy
• skeletons
• musculature
• swim bladders
• biochemical processes
• Viscosity Drag Many marine organisms that swim
  develop a streamlined shape

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Marine Environments

• Scientists divide the marine environment into
  zones, areas with homogenous physical features
• Zones are classified by location and the behavior
  of the organisms found there
• Marine organisms are all adapted to a specific
  niche

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Classification of Marine Environments
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