Drug Use and Abuse

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Drug Use and Abuse
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Alcohol A Behavioral Perspective

Ch 8
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2000 Statistics

• 64 of adult population drinks
• 26 are involved in excessive consumption

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Alcohol Consumption
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Binge Drinking

• Consuming five or more drinks on one occasion

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Alcohol Consumption Breakdown
Very Heavy
Heavy
Moderate
Occasional
Abstainers
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Beer Consumption
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Wine Cooler Consumption
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Liquor Consumption
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Economic Cost

• Estimated cost of alcoholism in 1995 was .
• Estimated cost of alcoholism in 2003 is .

166.5 Billion
425 Billion
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History in America

• What was the first distilled beverage thought to
  be???

Brandy
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History in America

• The manufacturing of RUM became colonial
  America's largest industry
• It lead to the slave triangle trade

NE
WI
A
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History in America

• The early 1800s are labeled as the heaviest
  drinking period in American history
• Heavy drinking became recreational

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The Temperance Movement 1830-1850

• Began with the intent of encouraging moderation
• Later the movement turned to total abstinence

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• Early attempts to control, abolish, and restrict
  alcohol failed
• From 1907-1919 states passed prohibition laws
• In 1919 the 18th amendment was ratified in an
  attempt to stop the spread of addiction

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• In January, 1920 Alcohol was outlawed
• The prohibition Era
• 1920-1933

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Prohibition Era

• After prohibition was passed criminal activity
  began to flourish
• Bootlegging, speakeasies, and patent medicines
  became common
• Introduction of widespread organized crime

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Prohibition Era

• Three main findings emerged
• Use of distilled liquors began to rise Minors
  were becoming addicted
• Extreme corruption of law enforcement officers
• Alcohol was considered, by many immigrants, as a
  common right

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Men/Women Drinkers

• About ¾ of problem drinkers are men
• About ¼ of problem drinkers are women

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Alcoholism

• A chronic behavioral disorder manifested by
  repeated drinking of alcoholic beverages in
  excess, to the extent that it interferes with the
  drinkers health or functioning level

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Craving

• An overwhelming compulsion to drink even when not
  feasible

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Physical Dependence

• Presence of withdrawal symptoms when attempting
  to abstain from a particular substance
• Include characteristics such as nausea, sweating,
  and shakiness

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Tolerance

• A need to continually increase the amount of a
  particular substance in order to maintain its
  effects

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Cultural Behaviors

• The use of alcohol is embedded in our culture
• Many Americans place alcohol in a separate
  category than drugs
• Many even place beer in a different category than
  alcohol

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Contributing FactorsAlcohol Effects

• Set
• The individuals expectation of what a drug will
  do to his or her personality

• Setting
• The physical and social environment in which the
  drug is consumed

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• How does culture provide rules for drinking
  behaviors???

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College

• Among college students alcohol consumption has
  been relatively stable compared to other drugs

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Grades

• Drinking is inversely related to grades!!!
• What does this mean?

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Women and Alcohol

• Women are more sensitive to the dangers of
  alcohol than men
• Reasons
• Body size
• Absorption rate
• Lower levels of metabolizing enzyme

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Domestic Violence

• There is a high correlation between battering and
  family abuse and alcohol abuse

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Alcohol and Sex

• Alcohol is linked to many unwanted sexual
  behaviors
• Date rape
• Unplanned pregnancies
• Sexually transmitted diseases

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Children

• Before age 18, 25 of American children are
  exposed to a family member with an alcohol
  problem
• Children of alcoholics are at a higher risk for
  becoming an alcoholic

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Withdrawal

• An alcoholic going through withdrawals may have
  the following characteristics
• Muscle tremors, nausea, anxiety, rapid heart
  rate, high fever, and even hallucinations

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Delirium Tremens

• DTs
• The most severe form of alcohol withdrawal
• Involves hallucinations, delirium, and high fever
  
• Life threatening

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Disease???

• Is alcohol a Disease?

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Quiz

• What was the first distilled beverage thought to
  be???
• How did the Prohibition movement began?
• What came out of the Prohibition movement?
• Explain the term Triangle Trade

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Read Ch 9