Resources for Domestic Violence Teams

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Resources for Domestic ViolenceTeams
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RCPI Domestic Violence Investigator (DVI) Series

• Part I - Dynamics of Domestic Violence
• Part II - Legal Aspects of Domestic Violence
• Part III - Resources for Domestic Violence Teams

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Performance Objectives

• At the end of this course, students will be able
  to
• Understand that community policing is a
  philosophy built upon a specific organizational
  strategy.
• Explain how community policing can prevent
  domestic violence.
• Explain the SARA process and to understand the
  main components of the four steps of the problem
  solving model.
• Understand the purpose of a Coordinated Community
  Response to domestic violence.

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Performance Objectives

• At the end of this course, students will be able
  to
• Identify the elements of a Coordinated Community
  Response to domestic violence.
• Learn the importance of being sensitive to the
  issues facing victims of domestic violence.
• Learn techniques to increase the impact of
  domestic violence teams.
• Apply information and skills learned in this
  class to domestic violence scenarios.

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Teams

• Definition
• A number of individuals associated in some joint
  effort

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Teams

• Participants
• The whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
• Synergy

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Teams

• Team Focus
• Purpose
• Type
• Position
• Power
• Design
• Members

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Teams

• Type
• Project
• Task only
• Temporary
• Long term
• Members chosen
• Members voluntary

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Teams

• Plan
• Structure of the team
• Who will do what, when and how
• Number of members
• Leadership configuration permanent, shared or
  rotated
• Authority and responsibilities of all members
• Timing of Meetings
• Time commitment of members

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Teams

• Position
• How team fits into current community
• How team members are chosen
• To whom the team is accountable
• Who supports the teams credibility
• How members compensated for time

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Teams

• Types of Power
• Power To
• Power Over
• Power With

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Teams

• Power
• Responsibility and Authority
• Boundaries of teams work
• Makes recommendations only
• Makes policy only
• Acts out of decision making ability
• Job descriptions
• Power differences in members outside of the team
  

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Quotes

• Americans are a peculiar peopleif, in a local
  community, a citizen becomes aware of a human
  need that is not met, he (sic) discusses the
  situation with his neighbors. Suddenly, a
  committee comes into existence. The committee
  begins to operate on behalf of the need, and a
  new common function is established. It is like
  watching a miracle.
• Alexis de Tocqueville

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Community Response

• A truly successful community response to family
  violence commits to
• Keep victims safe
• Hold batterers accountable
• Reduce incidents of domestic violence
• Prevent family violence in all its forms

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Community Response

• A Successful Community Response
• Utilizes multidisciplinary approach
• Involves commitment of entire community
• Inspires and engages people
• Advocates personal, professional and civic
  responsibility
• Promotes resident leadership

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Domestic Violence Teams

• Purpose
• Keep victims safe
• Hold batterers accountable
• Bring people together
• Common mission and vision
• Work connected in some fashion
• Increases collaboration
• Facilitates achievement of objectives

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Successful Prevention Requires

• Active Involvement and Support From
• Residents
• Government
• Business
• Religious entities
• Media
• Civic organizations
• Funding sources

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Successful Prevention Requires

• Trained Personnel
• Justice system
• Health and human services
• Protective services
• Religious institutions
• Educational system
• Human resources

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Successful Prevention Requires

• Provide
• Coordination
• Monitoring
• Evaluation of programs, services and
  interventions

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Levels of Prevention

• Primary
• Secondary
• Tertiary (direct response to crisis)

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Levels of Prevention

• Tertiary Prevention
• Interactions and services
• Impacts lives of family violence victims and
  abusers
• Assists in breaking the cycle of violence

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Tertiary Prevention

• Safety for Victims
• At the scene of incident(s)
• In the immediate short term

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Tertiary Prevention

• Crisis Intervention Services for Victims
• Culturally appropriate
• Easily accessible
• Available through outreach

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Tertiary Prevention

• Appropriate Referrals
• Health
• Legal
• Shelter
• Economic
• Human Services
• Educational

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Tertiary Prevention

• Post Crisis Services
• Victims
• Abusers
• Children

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Levels of Prevention

• Secondary Prevention
• Focuses on reaching individuals and families at
  risk for violent behavior or experiencing
  violence in the home.

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Levels of Prevention

• Primary Prevention
• Changing values
• Changing attitudes
• Changing behaviors
• Changing conditions in societyto be in alignment
  with prevention goals

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Community Accountability Wheel

• This wheel begins to demonstrate the ideal
  community response to the issue of domestic
  violence. Community opinion, which strongly
  states that battering is unacceptable, leads all
  of our social institutions to expect full
  accountability by applying appropriate
  consequences.

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Community Accountability Wheel
This wheel was developed by Mike Jackson and
David Garvin of the Domestic Violence Institute
of Michigan.
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The Cs

• Communication
• Giving, sharing, exchanging information
• Atmosphere is friendly, helpful, assertive

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The Cs

• Communication Occurs Between or among
• Residents
• Frontline workers
• Mid-level workers
• Leaders/Chiefs/Directors/Agency Heads
• Systems/Institutions/Organizations
• All systems in a jurisdiction

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The Cs

• Coordination or Cooperation
• Staff work together on a case-by-case basis
• Participate in cross training to understand roles
  and responsibilities

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The Cs

• Coordination or Cooperation
• Between or among
• Residents
• Frontline workers
• Mid-level workers
• Leaders/Chiefs/Directors/Agency Heads
• Systems/Institutions/Organizations
• All systems in a jurisdiction

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The Cs

• Collaboration adds
• Joint analysis, planning and adjustment to others
  needs, schedules, etc.
• Joint work on agency protocols
• Supports work done by other individuals/entities
• Increased funding opportunities

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The Cs

• Successful Collaboration with the Community
• Increases community capacity to solve problems
• Contributes to increased trust and respect
• Builds partnering skills
• Increases ability to identify stakeholders
• Contributes to the belief that we are all in
  this together

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Role of Local Coalitions

• Training and Technical Assistance
• Dont reinvent the wheel.
• Share what you have, ask for what you need.
• Strengthen individual knowledge and skills.
• Advance organizational development.

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Role of Local Coalitions

• Public Education
• Support local programs in reaching their
  communities.
• Provide information on violence against women to
  associations of professionals, civic groups and
  other entities.
• Support local, state and national efforts and
  organizations.

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Role of State Coalitions

• Public Policy
• Analyze and develop policy and legislation.
• Advocate for policy and legislative change.
• Support implementation of new policies and laws.
• Foster cooperation, coordination and
  collaboration.
• Contribute to national policy initiatives.

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Role of State Coalitions

• Philosophy
• Women are not square pegs to be pushed into the
  small holes of programs.
• Justice for battered women involves more than
  safety.

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The Development of Modern Policing

• To maintain at all times a relationship with the
  public that gives reality to the historic
  tradition that the police are the public and the
  public are the police the police being only the
  members of the public that are paid to give
  full-time attention to the duties which are
  incumbent on every citizen in the interest of
  community welfare and existence.
• Sir Robert Peel, 19th Century English statesman
  and father of modern policing.

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Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles For Modern
Policing

• 1. The basic mission for which the police exist
  is to prevent crime and disorder.
• 2. The ability of the police to perform their
  duties is dependent upon public approval of
  police actions.
• 3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of
  the public in voluntary observance of the law to
  be able to secure and maintain the respect of the
  law.

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Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles For Modern
Policing

• 4. The degree of cooperation of the public that
  can be secured diminishes proportionally to the
  necessity of the use of force.
• 5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by
  catered public opinion, but by constantly
  demonstrating absolute impartial service to the
  law.

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Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles For Modern
Policing

• 6. Police use physical force to the extent
  necessary to secure observance of the law or to
  restore order only when exercise of persuasion,
  advice and warning is found to be insufficient.
• 7. Police at all times should maintain a
  relationship with the public that gives reality
  to the historic tradition the Police are the
  public and the public are the police. The police
  being only full time individuals charged with the
  duties that are incumbent on all of the citizens.

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Sir Robert Peel's Nine Principles For Modern
Policing

• 8. Police should always direct their actions
  strictly towards their functions and never appear
  to usurp the powers of the judiciary.
• 9. The test of police efficiency is the absence
  of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence
  of police action in dealing with it.

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Problems with the Professional Model of Policing

• Crime began to rise and research suggested that
  conventional police methods were not effective.
• The public experienced increased fear.
• Many minority citizens did not perceive their
  treatment as equitable or adequate.
• The anti-war and civil rights movements
  challenged the police.

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Research on Traditional Policing Strategies

• Increasing the number of police does not lower
  the crime rate or increase the number of crimes
  solved.
• Randomized patrol does not reduce crime nor
  increase the chance of catching suspects.
• Two-person patrol cars are not more effective
  than one-person cars in lowering of crime rates
  or catching criminals.

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Research on Traditional Policing Strategies

• Saturation patrol does not reduce crime, it
  displaces it.
• The kind of crime that terrifies Americans most
  is rarely encountered by police on patrol.
• Improving response time on calls has no effect on
  the likelihood of arresting criminals or even in
  satisfying involved citizens.
• Crimes are not usually solved through criminal
  investigations conducted by police.

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Factors that Influenced the Development of New
Police Strategies

• The police field is preoccupied with management,
  internal pressures, and efficiency to the
  exclusion of concern for effectiveness in dealing
  with serious problems.
• The police devote most of their resources to
  responding to calls from citizens, reserving too
  small a percentage of their time and energy for
  acting on their own initiative to prevent or
  reduce community problems.

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Factors that Influenced the Development of New
Police Strategies

• The community is a major resource with an
  enormous potential, largely untapped, for
  reducing the number and magnitude of problems
  that otherwise become the business of the police.
• Police are not using the time and talent of
  available rank-and-file officers effectively.
• Efforts to improve policing have often failed
  because they have not been adequately related to
  the overall policies and structure of the police
  organization. Herman Goldstein,
  1977

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Community Policing Defined

• Herman Goldstein, who has been regarded by many
  as the father of Community Policing, authored the
  following definition
• Community policing is an organizational wide
  philosophy and management approach that promotes
  community, government and police partnerships
  proactive problem-solving and community
  engagement to address the causes of crime, fear
  of crime, and other community issues.

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Core Components of Community Policing

• Community policing has two core, equally
  important components
• Community Partnership
• Problem-solving

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Community Policing "Is Not

• It Is Not a Technique or a Program
• It Is Not a Limited or Specialized Style of
  Policing
• It Is Not Foot Patrol or Riding a Bicycle
• It Is Not "Soft" on Crime
• It Is Not a Specialized Unit or Group

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Principles of Community Oriented Policing and
Problem Solving

• Reassesses who is responsible for public safety
  and redefines the roles and relationships between
  the police and the community.
• Requires shared ownership, decision making, and
  accountability, as well as sustained commitment
  from both the police and the community.
• Establishes new public expectations of and
  measurement standards for police effectiveness.
• Increases understanding and trust between police
  and community members.

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Principles of Community Oriented Policing and
Problem Solving

• Empowers and strengthens community-based efforts.
• Requires constant flexibility to respond to all
  emerging issues.
• Requires an on-going commitment to developing
  long-term and pro-active programs/strategies to
  address the underlying conditions that cause
  community problems.
• Requires knowledge of available community
  resources and how to access and mobilize them, as
  well as the ability to develop new resources
  within the community.

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Principles of Community Oriented Policing and
Problem Solving

• Requires buy-in of the top management of the
  police and other local government agencies, as
  well as a commitment from all levels of
  management.
• Decentralizes police services, operations, and
  management. Encourages innovative and creative
  problem solving by all - making greater use of
  the knowledge, skill, and expertise throughout
  the organization.

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Principles of Community Oriented Policing and
Problem Solving

• Shifts the focus of police work from responding
  to individual incidents to addressing problems
  identified by the community and the police,
  emphasizing problem-solving approaches to
  supplement traditional law-enforcement methods.
• Requires commitment to developing new skills
  through training (e.g., problem-solving,
  networking, mediation, facilitation, conflict
  resolution, cultural competency/literacy).

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The Main Principles of Quality Leadership

• Maintaining a vision and managing through values
  rather than rules.
• Focusing on teamwork.
• Commitment to the problem-solving process with
  focus on data.
• Seeking input before decisions are made.
• Asking people who do the work about ways to
  improve the process.

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The Main Principles of Quality Leadership

• Avoiding "top-down" decision making.
• A customer orientation.
• Focusing on improving systems and processes
  before blaming individuals.
• Encouraging creativity, risk-taking, and
  tolerance of honest mistakes.
• Creating an open climate that encourages
  providing and accepting feedback.
• Developing goals and a plan to achieve them.

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Major Components of Community Policing

• Citizen Empowerment
• Officer Empowerment
• Collaboration
• Problem Solving

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How Citizens Can Help Control Crime

• Citizens can watch and report suspicious activity
• Citizens can patrol, confront suspicious people,
  take active involvement
• Citizens can reduce their chances of
  victimization or causing neighborhood
  deterioration
• Citizens can put pressure on others
• Citizens can authorize the police to act in their
  behalf

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The Four Parts of SARA

• Scanning
• Identify problems
• Analysis
• Collect and analyze information
• Response
• Collaboratively develop and implement solutions
  with other agencies and the public
• Assessment
• Evaluate strategy effectiveness

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Potential Sources of Information for Identifying
Problems

• Crime Analysis Unit
• Time trends and patterns (time of day, day of
  week, monthly, seasonal, and other cyclical
  events), and patterns of similar events) offender
  descriptions, victim characteristics, locations,
  physical settings, and other circumstances)
• Patrol
• Recurring calls, bad areas, victim types,
  complaints from citizens

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Quote

• Never doubt that a small group of committed
  citizens can change the world. Indeed, it is the
  only thing that has.
• Margaret Mead

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Quote

• Those who are truly in earnest must be willing
  to be anything or nothing and publicly and
  privately, in season and out avow their
  sympathies with despised and persecuted ideas
  and bear the consequences.
• Susan B. Anthony

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Definitions

• Culture The shared values, traditions, norms,
  customs, arts, history, folklore, and
  institutions or a group of people that are
  unified by race, ethnicity, language,
  nationality or religion.
• Cultural Group A group of people who
  consciously or unconsciously share identifiable
  values, norms, symbols and some ways of living
  that are repeated and transmitted from one
  generation to another.

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Definitions

• Cultural Diversity Differences in race,
  ethnicity, language, nationality or religion
  among various groups within a community,
  organization or nation.
• Culturally Appropriate Demonstrating both
  sensitivity to cultural differences and
  similarities and effectiveness in using cultural
  symbols to communicate a message.

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Definitions

• Ethnicity This term refers to those who share
  common traits of history, national origin, and
  cultural patterns.
• Ethnocentric The belief or attitude that ones
  own group is superior.

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Definitions

• Race A socially defined population that is
  derived from distinguishable physical
  characteristics that are genetically transmitted.
  
• Heritage Something that is passed down from
  one's predecessors legacy, birthright.
• Prejudice An unfavorable opinion formed before a
  current interaction.

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Three Levels of Prejudice and Discrimination

• Institutional Businesses, government agencies,
  schools, media, health care, legal system,
  religious organizations and other institutions
  may discriminate on the basis of race, sexual
  orientation, etc.
• Social/Cultural Acceptable cultural norms and
  values of society are reflective of experiences
  of dominant groups.
• Individual Personal attitudes and beliefs of
  prejudice when one interacts personally with a
  person or group of people from a different group
  from oneself.

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Power and Control Wheel
Developed by the Domestic Abuse Intervention
Project.
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Obstacles Victims Face

• Oppression Institutional power, ideological
  domination and promulgation of the culture, logic
  system and ideology of one group over another.
  Forms of oppression include racism, sexism,
  class-ism, ageism, anti-Semitism, "able-ism",
  homophobia.
• Prejudice Attitude, opinion or feeling formed
  about individuals or groups without adequate
  knowledge, thought or reason.

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Obstacles Victims Face

• Discrimination Manifestation of oppression,
  differential treatment that favors one group over
  another, including the denial or limitation of
  access to rights, goods and privileges.
• Homophobia Fear, dislike, hatred or ignorance of
  gay men and lesbians as individuals, a culture, a
  community and of homosexuality as an identity

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Link Between Animal Abuse and Human Violence
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Cruelty to Animals Another form of Family
Violence

• Abusers threaten to kill victims pet.
• Batterers abuse pets to hurt victim.
• Parents kill a childs pet to punish the child.
• Parents threaten to kill childs pet to secure
  acquiescence or silence for sexual abuse.

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Quotes

• I know of no higher fortitude than stubbornness
  in the face of overwhelming odds.
• Louis Nizer

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Questions?