From the Inside Out

1
From the Inside Out

• The zones of the Earth

2
The Earth as we see it

• But there is more than what meets
• the eye

www.3dnworld.com
3
The Earths Layers

• Inside
• Core
• Mantle
• Crust

• Outside
• Troposphere
• Stratosphere
• Mesosphere
• Thermosphere

4
The Core

• The Inner Core
• Solid metal made of iron and some nickel
• 3,200-3,960 miles below the Earths surface
• 780 miles thick
• 9,032-10,832? F

• The Outer Core
• Molten liquid of iron, nickel, 10 of sulpher
  and oxygen
• 1,800-3,200 miles below the Earths surface
• 1,370 miles thick
• 7,200 -9,032? F

http//dinosaurtheory.com/earth_core3.jpg
5
Why Its Important

• Creates the Earths magnetism
• Creates convection currents from radiating heat

wps.prenhall.com
http//www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/Science/sciber00/7t
h/earth/sciber/erlayers.htm
6
The Mantle

• Lower/Inner
• Solid rock made from sulphides oxides of
  silicon magnesium
• Plastic like
• 190-1,800 miles below the Earths surface
• Approx. 1,610 miles thick
• Average temp. 5400? F

• Upper/Outer
• Tough liquid rock of silicates of iron
  magnesium
• More brittle and thin then the lower mantle
• 7- 190 miles below the surface
• Top temp. 2520 F
• Bottom temp. 5400 F

http//pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/inside.html
http//mediatheek.thinkquest.nl/ll125/en/mantle.h
tm
7
The Crust

• Oceanic Crust
• Found below the ocean
• 4-7 miles thick
• Made mainly out of basalt (formed out of lava
  that cools quickly)
• Rocks are very young, about 200 million years old

• Continental Crust
• Found underneath the continents
• Average 20-25 miles thick, with the deepest being
  45 miles
• Consist mainly of igneous rocks
• Rocks here are about 3.8 billion years old

http//www.gsi.ie/NR/rdonlyres/A3B07F5E-D9BB-4026-
908D-DEB9B0217EA6/0/earth_cut.jpg
8
Troposphere

• Begins at the Earth and is 4-12 miles high.
  (11-12 miles at the equator, 4 miles at the
  poles)
• Made up of the perfect mixture of oxygen and
  nitrogen which is able to support life.
• 90 of the atmosphere is found here
• This is where our weather is created as well as
  where planes fly
• Latin for turning or change

http//www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for-kids/0040-int
roduction-to-our-atmosphere.php
9
Stratosphere

• 11-31 miles above the earths surface
• Where the ozone layer is found
• Absorbs 97-99 of the suns ultraviolet light
• Colorless gas that smells like burning electrical
  wire

http//www.aero.org/publications/crosslink/summer2
000/01.html
10
Mesosphere

• Found 53 miles above the Earths surface
• Atmosphere is thin which doesnt allow for much
  ultraviolet absorption which in turns causes the
  temp. to drop from 5F to
• -184F
• Gases thick enough to slow down burn up
  meteorites

http//www.t-utorials.com/data/Image/tutorials/Fal
ling_Star/star14.jpg
11
Thermosphere

• From the mesosphere up to 430 miles above the
  earth surface
• Gases are increasingly thin that only high energy
  ultraviolet x-ray radiation is absorbed which,
  causes the temp. to increase with height
• Can reach 3,600 F
• Due to lack of atmosphere to our skin the temp.
  would feel very cold

http//www.britannica.com/eb/art-99826/The-layers-
of-Earths-atmosphere
12
Exosphere

• 310-621 miles above Earths atmosphere
• Last layer before space
• Atmospheric gases, atoms, molecules escape into
  space
• Where satellites are found
• where is the atmosphere

• http//www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link/earth/image
  s/atmosphere_mural_jpg_image.html