Minerals: Chapter 16

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Minerals Chapter 16

• Major things to know

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The Rock Cycle
Heat, Pressure
External Processes
Internal Processes
Heat, Pressure
Igneous Rock Granite, Pumice, Basalt
Magma (Molten Rock)
Refer to Fig. 10-8 p. 210
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Minerals definitions

• Mineral what is a mineral?
• Mineral metallic and non-metallic (give
  examples)
• Rocks
• Ore high grade and low grade
• Sulfides, oxides

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Mining

• Subsurface vs. surface mining
• Name the different types of surface mining for
  minerals
• Are coal, oil and natural gas minerals? Why or
  why not?

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Explain each of the processes which concentrate
minerals in the earths crust

• Magmatic concentration
• Hydrothermal processes
• Sedimentation
• Evaporation

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Finding and extracting minerals

• How located?
• Overburden
• Strip mining
• Open pit mining
• Spoil bank
• Smelting

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• Open pit mine

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• Processing Minerals
• Smelting in a blast furnace

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• The problem of tailings

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Case-in-Point Copper Basin, TN

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Environmental Impacts of mining and refining ores

• Acid mine drainage
• Tailings
• Air pollution due to smelting
• Water pollution
• Water use

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Environmental Implications of Minerals

• Mining and the Environment
• Disturbs large areas of land
• Uses huge quantities of water
• Affects water quality
• Cost-benefit Analysis of Mine Development is
  seldom done
• Benefits of mining vs. Preservation of the land

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Restoration of mining land

• Derelict land
• Reclamation
• Restoration
• Wetlands
• Phytoremediation Twist flower hyperacculmulates
  nickel
• SMCRA (1977)

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Mineral use in developed vs. developing countries

• USA vs. world use
• How does mineral consumption change as a nation
  develops?
• Strategic minerals

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Reserves vs. resources

• What are reserves?
• What are resources?
• How can we discover new supplies of minerals?

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How could the 3 Rs change our mineral
requirements?

• Give examples of each of the following
• Reduce
• Reuse
• Recycling

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Reducing and reusing

• What is sustainable manufacturing?
• What is dematerialization?
• Industrial ecology?