Great Depression

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Great Depression the New Deal
2

• 1932 electionHoover looses to Roosevelt
• People blamed Hoover for the depression
• But what really caused it?

3
Politician in a Wheelchair

• Roosevelt used a wheelchair due to effects of
  Polio
• Wife, Eleanor, changed the role of 1st lady
• Roosevelt forced himself to walk
• Todays presidents 1st 100 days are often
  compared to Roosevlets
• Offered Americans a New Deal

4
Hoovers Poor Policies

• Hawley-Smoot Tariff helped spiral the world
  economy?
• Why?
• Believed in free enterprise..hands off approach.

5
FDR and the 3 Rs

• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform
• Hundred Days Congress/Emergency Congress (March
  9-June 16, 1933) passed a series laws in order to
  cope with the national emergency (The Great
  Depression).

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• Short-range goals were relief and immediate
  recovery, and long-range goals were permanent
  recovery and reform of current abuses.
• Congress gave President Roosevelt extraordinary
  blank-check powers  some of the laws it passed
  expressly delegated legislative authority to the
  president

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• The New Dealers embraced such progressive ideas
  as unemployment insurance, old-age insurance,
  minimum-wage regulations, conservation and
  development of natural resources, and
  restrictions on child labor.

8
Look these up.

• Emergency Banking Relief Act of 1933
• Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). 
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC),
• Federal Emergency Relief Act
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

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• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA),
• Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)
• Works Progress Administration (WPA
• National Recovery Administration (NRA)
• Public Works Administration (PWA)

10

• Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of
  1936
• Second Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938
• Frazier-Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act,
• Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
• Federal Securities Act

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• Securities and Exchange Commission
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
• Federal Housing Administration (FHA)
• Social Security Act of 1935
• National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (Wagner
  Act). 
• Fair Labor Standards Act (Wages and Hours Bill

12
Roosevelts and the courts

• President Roosevelt was belittled for attempting
  to break down the checks and balances system
  among the 3 branches of government.
• Justice Owen J. Roberts, formerly regarded as a
  conservative, began to vote liberal.  In March
  1937, the Supreme Court upheld the principle of
  state minimum wage for women, reversing its stand
  on a different case a year earlier.

13

• A succession of deaths and resignations of
  justices enabled Roosevelt to appoint 9 justices
  to the Court.
• FDR aroused conservatives of both parties in
  Congress so that few New Deal reforms were passed
  after 1937.  He lost much of the political
  goodwill that had helped him to win the election
  of 1936.

14
Twilight of the New Deal

• The New Deal had run deficits for several years,
  but all of them had been somewhat small and none
  was intended.  Roosevelt embraced the
  recommendations of the British economist John
  Maynard Keynes.  The newly-accepted
  "Keynesianism" economic program was to stimulate
  the economy by planned deficit spending.

15

• In 1939, Congress passed the Reorganization Act,
  giving President Roosevelt limited powers for
  administrative reforms, including the new
  Executive Office in the White House.

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• Congress passed the Hatch Act of 1939, barring
  federal administrative officials from active
  political campaigning and soliciting.  It also
  forbade the use of government funds for political
  purposes as well as the collection of campaign
  contributions from people receiving relief
  payments.
•  

17
New Deal or Raw Deal

• Foes of the New Deal charged the president of
  spending too much money on his programs,
  significantly increasing the national debt by
  1939, the national debt was at 40,440,000,000. 
  Lavish financial aid and relief were undermining
  the old virtue of initiative.

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• Private enterprise was being suppressed and
  states' rights were being ignored.  The most
  damning indictment of the New Deal was that it
  did not end the depression it merely
  administered "aspirin, sedatives, and
  Band-Aids."  Not until World War II was the
  unemployment problem solved.