Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment

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Higher Educational AcademyMinding the
gapEthnicity, gender and degree attainment

• 22 January 2008

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A cautionary tale gender and maths

• Sex differences are small
• Sex differences are diminishing
• Sex differences are artifactual

overlap
standard deviations
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Looking deeper
Pearson product-moment correlation 0.71
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Getting serious about equality

• Variability and interaction
• Means are misleading
• But differential impact is not (necessarily) bias
• Thinking systemically about systems
• Systems are more than their components
• Properties are emergent
• Often become exquisitely attuned to their
  contexts
• Design experiments vs. naturalistic experiments
• Interventions often yield unintended consequences

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Access to medicine

• Thinking systemically about reform
• Recruitment
• Selection
• Retention