SME2Logic Translation an initial approach

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SME2Logic Translation- an initial approach
Peter Clark Boeing Company
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Claims

• SMEs can build adequate, new representations by
  connecting pre-built components together
• New representation defined largely in terms of
  existing ones
• To specify these connections, a small number of
  simple axiom types are adequate
• This provides a basis for a SME-usable interface
• Only need to support these connection axioms

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

Five Types of Assertions

• create Placement in the taxonomy

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

Five Types of Assertions

• create Placement in the taxonomy
• specialize Restricting an objects class/type

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

Five Types of Assertions

• create Placement in the taxonomy
• specialize Restricting an objects class/type
• add Introduction of new concepts

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

Five Types of Assertions

• create Placement in the taxonomy
• specialize Restricting an objects class/type
• add Introduction of new concepts
• connect Stating a relation between two
  concepts

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Things the SME Might Say

• A virus attack is a kind of invasion
• where the thing doing the attacking is a virus
• and the thing attacked is a cell
• The virus takes control by delivering
• its DNA to the cell

Five Types of Assertions

• create Placement in the taxonomy
• specialize Restricting an objects class/type
• add Introduction of new concepts
• connect Stating a relation between two
  concepts
• unify Coreference (equality)

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Displaying axioms to the SME

• Approach To present axioms about a concept C,
• SME doesnt see the raw axioms directly
• Rather, SME sees an example I of C
• Sees a set of ground facts about I
• sees the results of applying those axioms to I
• ground facts are comprehensible and graphable
• SME builds new concept by interacting with this
  and other examples

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Displaying axioms to the SME Example
New Concept VirusInvade Is a type of Invade ?
Create an instance (example) of Invade
VirusInvade01
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How the SME Makes Assertions

• The SME manipulates instances in this
  representation, using four types of action
• Each action corresponds to a simple, ground
  assertion
• Any statements he/she makes about I will later be
  considered to hold for all instances of C

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The SME Actions
Ground Facts (text)
Ground Facts (graph)
defender(VirusInvade01, Object01). attacker(VirusI
nvade01, Agent01). defense(Object01,
Barrier01). isa(Agent01, Agent). isa(Object01,
Object). isa(Barrier01, Barrier).
Object
defender
defense
attacker
Barrier
VirusInvade
Agent
agent
subevents
patient
location
agent
agent
Arrive
Break
Enter
then
then
SPECIALIZE
isa(Object01, Cell)
ADD
? v isa(v,Virus)
Agent01 Virus01
UNIFY
agent(Break01, Virus01)
CONNECT
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Generalizing the SMEs assertions

• SMEs assertion
• Object01 is a Cell
• Rephrase to only mention the root instance
• The defender of VirusInvade01 is a Cell
• Generalize
• The defender of all VirusInvades is a Cell

In Logic

• SMEs assertion isa(Object01, Cell)
• Rephrase ? x defender(VirusInvade01,x) ?
  isa(x,Cell)
• Generalize
• ? i isa(i,VirusInvade) ? ? x defender(i,x) ?
  isa(x,Cell)

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Graph-Editing Issues

• How to overcome limits of working with examples
  of concepts?
• some info undisplayable (in cells, all lysosomes
  are in cytoplasm)
• Some inexpressible (e.g., quantification,
  deletion/non-monotonicity)
• How to integrate testing?
• How can the SME find concepts in the library?
• How can we ensure the SME uses concepts in the
  intended way?
• How can we guide the SME as to what to do next?
• How does SME add new concepts during editing?
• How can we avoid graphs becoming unmanageably
  cluttered?
• Who lays out the graph?
• SME how do we show side-effects of his/her
  actions?
• System how do we make layout stable and
  sensible?

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Wider Issues

• What is the scope and role of this kind of
  graphical interface?
• View it as a generic editor? A process model
  editor?
• What are the types of knowledge we need, and what
  editors are needed?
• Types isa, parts, purpose, constraints,
  duration, attributes, sequences
• Editor styles tree editing, form-filling, text
  dialog, sketching
• How can we re-introduce informal knowledge into
  this?