Panel B Report : UVOIR and mmRadio Michael Grewing

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Panel B Report UVOIR and mm/RadioMichael
Grewing

• S. Aalto, A. van Ardenne, M.A. Barstow, J.-G.
  Cuby,
• R. Maiolino, M.J. McCaughrean, R. Morganti,
• A. Quirrenbach, R. Rebolo Lopez, M. Turatto,
  L.Vigroux

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Panel B Facilities/Project Proposals Considered

• Radio (5)
• E-MERLIN
• EVN, SRT
• LOFAR/E-LOFAR
• SKA
• mm, sub-mm and Far infrared (7)
• ALMA, APEX
• CCAT Caltech-Cornell Atacama Telescope
• IRAM-PdB Interferometer
• SPICA - Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology
  and Astrophysics
• B-POL, Millimetron,
• FIRI- Far Infrared Interferometer

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Panel B Facilities/Project Proposals Considered
(ctd.)

• Optical to near/medium infrared (711 and 2-4m
  class)
• 8-10m class telescopes VLT/VLTI, Gemini,
  GranTeCan, LBT
• Wide-field multiplexed spectrographs (e.g.
  WFMOS), LSST
• E-ELT
• KOI Kilometric Optical Interferometer
• 2-4m class telescopes
• GAIA, JWST
• DUNE/ SPACE?EUCLID, H2EX,
• PLATO Planetary Transits and Oscillations of
  stars
• SEE-COAST Super-Earth Explorer-Coronographic
  off-axis ST
• Fresnel Interferometric Imager ( 2 S/C)
• Stellar Imager Concept (NASA)
• Pegase (3 S/C), Darwin, Luciola Hypertelescope
  Space Observatory

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Panel B Facilities/Project Proposals Considered
(ctd.)

• Ultraviolet (3)
• SAGE - Stellar and Galactic Environment Survey
  (EUVsoft x-ray survey)
• WSO - World Space Observatory (UV
  spectroscopy)
• MUST - Modern Universe Space Telescope
• Others (1)
• Antarctica

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High Priority Ground-Based Projects
current activity next decision
cost (ME) point
to Europe E-ELT detailed study 2010
900 SKA detailed study 2011/ 12
500-600ops (European contrib.)

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42-m E-ELT Science drivers

• Planets in other stellar systems
• Imaging and spectroscopy
• Earth-like planets may become accessible
• Stellar populations
• In galaxies inaccessible today(e.g. ellipticals
  in Virgo cluster)
• Across the whole history(i.e. extent) of the
  Universe
• Cosmology
• The first stars/galaxies
• Direct measure of deceleration
• Evolution of cosmic parameters
• Dark matter, dark energy

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End 09 Phase B Key Issues Goals
Status(activities funded at a level of 58 ME)

• Validate Facility Design (performance, cost,
  schedule, risk)Baseline Reference Design v2
  March 08 no showstopper

• Evaluate Science impact with the Design
  Reference MissionScience Working Group,
  Community 7 FTE Task force

• Instrument Concepts with full feedback to
  Facility Design Ongoing community-led studies (8
  Instruments/5 AO systems)

• progress on long-term enabling/upgrade
  technologies prototypes, test benches,
  pathfinders (Opticon, ELT-DS, ELT Prep)

• Baseline Site ongoing negotiations for
  alternative(s) Site data being taken on 5 sites
  input to site selection Q2 09

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Baseline Reference Design Status (b)

• based on 19 Industrial design/prototyping
  contractsMount, Dome, M1 M2 cell/mirror and
  Internal AO Unit ongoingM2 Unit, M3 mirror
  Adapters design starting soon

• Telescope Mount Dome v2 adopted March
  08Optimizes performance, timeline, cost
  maintenance

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Instruments 62 Concept Studies ? Dec.09

• High-resolution Visual Spectrograph
  (CODEX)exo-planet detection fundamental physics
• Wide-field multi-IFU near-IR spectrograph
  (EAGLE)high-z Universe
• Exo-planet Imaging Camera Spectrograph
  (EPICS)exo-planet characterization
• Single Object Wide-band Spectrograph
  (HARMONI)Survey follow-up ?-ray bursts
• Mid-IR ELT Imager Spectrograph
  (METIS)exo-planets circumstellar disks
• High angular-resolution near-IR Imager
  (MICADO)stellar populations archeology
• Two new concept studies starting soon (June 08
  selection)
• a number of AO related studies and
  developments

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Site Evaluation Selection Status

• Site evaluation data being taken on 5
  sitesNorthern Chile Argentina (Macon) La Palma
  (ORM) Morocco (Aklim)

• Input to Site selection process by Q2, 09

• Baseline site negotiations for alternative(s)
  by end 09

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E-ELT Cost Timeline Evaluation
Outcome from the Phase B study (57.2 M ) and
other ELT related study activities be presented
to the ESO Council June 2010

• Validated Cost Timeline for Construction a
  crucial output

• Initial 06 consolidated cost evaluation so far
  upheld

• 807 M Construction cost incl. 21 contingency(
  120 M full cost for 1st generation instrument
  suite)
• 1st light of initial Facility planned in 2017

• Funding Scenarios being developed include-
  increased funding per member state/ more member
  states- associate partners in the project-
  borrowing (e.g. from E.I.B.)

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SKA Key Science Drivers

• Galaxies, cosmology and dark energy map hydrogen
  in a wide variety of environments over a huge
  range of redshifts the huge field of view will
  allow surveying and identification of galaxies
  over significant cosmic volume, and provide 3-D
  data for dark energy studies as f(z)
• The epoch of re-ionization imaging the high
  redshift intergalactic medium as it is
  progressively ionized by the first stars and
  galaxies
• Strong field tests of gravity using pulsars and
  black holes through pulsar timing measurements
• Origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism through
  all-sky observations of radio polarization and
  Faraday rotation
• Protoplanetary disks and search for life
  elsewhere in our Galaxy. Very high angular
  resolution observations of disks in which
  planetary formation is ongoing.
  the Unknown.....
• Mapped to the SV Themes A1, A2, A6, A8, B1. B6,
  C1, C4

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SKA status

• Specifications (SKA Memo 100 www.skatelescope.org
  )
• Frequency range ultimately 70MHz to 25 GHz
• Phased construction plan
• Phase 1, 500 MHz 10 GHz, compact configuration,
  300M
• a) dense aperture array Aeff/Tsys200 (wide FoV)
• b) 500 15m dishes with smart feeds
  Aeff/Tsys2000
• Phase 2, 70 MHz 10 GHz, 3000km baselines,
  1200M
• a) sparse aperture array (70-500 MHz)
  Aeff/Tsys10000
• b) dense aperture array (500-800 MHz)
  Aeff/Tsys10000
• both a) and b) have huge survey speeds
  1010 m4K-2deg2
• c) 3000 15m dishes smart feeds
  Aeff/Tsys10000
• Phase 3, 70 MHz 25 GHz, 3000km baselines, cost
  tbi

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SKA Precursor Projects

• ASKAP (Australian SKA Pathfinder A100.9M)
• 45 12m antennas, located at Boolardy, WA
  proposed SKA core
• Frequency range 700-1800 MHz, 30 sq deg FoV with
  phased array feeds Delivering science in 2011
• Will demonstrate feasibility of phased, low Tsys
  Focal Plane Arrays, low-cost dishes (with
  Canada) construct significant SKA
  infrastructure.
• meerKAT (South African SKA Precursor ZAR800M)
• 20 15m antennas, located in Karoo, Northern Cape
  proposed SKA core
• Frequency range 0.8-8 GHz, with wideband
  single-pixel feed. Delivering science in 2011.
• Exploring low-cost dishes with composite surface
  wideband single pixel feeds with low Tsys,
  studying high dynamic range construct
  significant SKA infrastructure.

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SKA Preparatory Studies PrepSKA

• 5.5M from EC significantly more from national
  funding for technical RD.
• 24 global partners (agencies universities/instit
  utes).
• WP2 SKA Design. Central Design Integration Team
  in Manchester will coordinate global RD (150M
  2007-2012) to produce a detailed, costed design
  for Phase 1 of the SKA
• WP3 Additional Site Studies, more RFI
  measurements, study infrastructure deployment
  costs and timescale ? input to site selection.
• WP4 Governance and Legal Framework study
  options for governance and a legal framework for
  SKA during construction and operation
• WP5 SKA Procurement and industrial involvement
  study options for procurement investigate
  optimum way to involve industry in the global,
  regional and national contexts
• WP6 Developing the funding model investigate
  all aspects of the financial model for lifetime
  costs of the SKA investigate options for loan
  from European Investment Bank and other similar
  bodies to provide a smooth funding profile
• WP7 Implementation plan investigate
  socio-economic and knowledge impact of the SKA
  integrate output of all other WPs to produce
  detaileddesign and implementation plan.

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SKA status
SKA-midlow Complete
Site Select
Reference Design selected
SKA Pathfinders Complete
Phase 1 complete
Preliminary SKA specs
External Engineering Review of design
Sites short-listed
Pathfinder science
Early Science SKA midlow
06 08 10 12 14 16 18 20
22 24
System Design
SKA mid low construction and commissioning
Concept Design
Phase 1 construction and commissioning
SKA-high Construction
Pathfinder Suite Construction
System design SKA-hi
Concept design for SKA-high
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• High Priority Ground-Based Projects
• Instruments for 8-10m class telescopes
• instruments that will come on-line between
  2008-2015
• VLT 4 , VLTI 3
• LBT 8
• GTC 3
• Gemini 1
• .and more 2nd or 3rd generation instruments
  under discussion --- 10
  ME/yr
• Wide-field, multiplexed spectrograph
• --- 20-50 ME
• E-LOFAR extension of the baseline project under
  construction
• --- 28 ME (?)

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• High Priority Ground-Based Projects
• Instruments for 8-10m class telescopes
• VLT/VLTI 4 instruments under construction,
  more to come
• LBT, GEMINI/GranTeCan next generation
  considered
• --- 10 ME/yr
• Wide-field, multiplexed spectrograph
• --- 20-50 ME create study group a.s.a.p.
  (ESO lead)
• E-LOFAR extension of the baseline project under
  construction
• --- 28 ME (?)

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• High Priority Ground-Based Projects
• Instruments for 8-10m class telescopes
• VLT/VLTI 4 instruments under construction,
  more to come
• LBT, GEMINI/GranTeCan next generation
  considered
• --- 10 ME/yr
• Wide-field, multiplexed spectrograph
• --- 20-50 ME
• E-LOFAR extension of the baseline project under
  construction
• --- 28 ME to be reconsidered after Phase 1/2
  completed.

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High Priority Space Projects projects under
construction current activity
launch year cost (ME)
to Europe GAIA H/WS/W in
prep. 2012 launch 15ME/yr
JWST NIRSpec,MIRI,Ariane 5 2013
launch (35990) data red.
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High Priority Space Projects current
activity next decision cost
(ME) point
to Europe DUNE/SPACE - EUCLID dark
energy 2010 400nc
mission under study SPICA ESA delta
study, disc.with Japan 2010(?) 154
PLATO ESA study 2010
29054 DARWIN and FIRI continuing RD
strongly recommended
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Euclid

• Dark Energy recognized as highest priority in
  astronomy for M missions
• Two proposals received (DUNE, SPACE), both highly
  ranked A concept incorporating both techniques
  (weak gravitational lensing and spectroscopic
  survey) is being studied with the help of an ESA
  appointed joint task force.
• Euclid baseline configuration
• - 1.2 m diameter telescope with 0.23 arcsec FWHM
  PSF (opt)
• - Broadband optical imager (Z band-like)
• - NIR imaging photometry (YJH)
• - R400 spectra 0.8-1.8 ?m

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SPICA baseline mission

• Space Infrared telescope for
• Cosmology and Astrophysics
• JAXA-led mission
• Coverage of FIR-MIR (5-210 ?m) with imaging,
  spectroscopic and coronographic instruments
• Two orders of magnitude more sensitive than
  Herschel in FIR
• Higher spectral resolution than JWST in MIR (R30
  000)

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SPICA European contribution

• ESA will provide
• Cryogenic telescope assembly
• European SPICA ground segment
• ESI system engineering and management
• SAFARI instrument
• FIR imaging spectrometer
• Nationally funded, Europe/Canada
• ESA managed

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Plato scientific objectivesPlanetary Transits
and Oscillations of Starsbaseline mission
assuming 27 small identical telescopes

• Provide the observational data to understand the
  evolution of stars and their planets
• High accuracy photometry of a large sample of
  relatively bright stars
• Transiting terrestrial planets
• Asteroseismology of the planet host

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Continuing Facilities recommended
action 2-4m class telescopes coordination/networ
king 8-10m class telescopes strategic planning
of future instrum. in ELT-era Radio
Observatories analyse future role in the
context - single dishes of
RadioNet - interferometers - VLBI -
preparation for SKA Millimeter- and
Submillimeter-Facilities - the same - -
single dishes - interferometers - VLBI -
preparation for ALMA
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Acknowledgements Some slides used in this
presentation were kindly provided to me by Jean
Clavel, Phil Diamond, and Guy Monnet.