Written

1
Written oral communications
NE 104B

• The written report
• Significance of experiment
• Your objective
• Brief description of experiment
• Results Discussion
• Conclusion

• The oral presentation
• Use powerpoint slides
• Contents of the talk
• Formatting presentation slides
• Hints on visuals

2
Lab reports
NE104B
  The laboratory report includes -
observations made in the experiment, -
discussion of their significance - answers
to all assigned questions.   Lab report grading
is based upon - Presentation of all data,
including graphs, figures and tables -
Analysis of experimental data, including
calculations in support of the modeling of
the phenomena investigated - Answers to all
assigned questions - Conclusions based on the
experimental observations
3
Laboratory report construction
NE104B
The report should include - Title and
abstract - Brief description of experiment
but do NOT repeat the instructions - Data
as tables or graphs, - Analysis of data
- Answers to all assigned questions -
Conclusions   General points to keep in mind
- Brevity is the highest form of style, Strunk
and White The Elements of Style Strunk gave
a 3-word lecture OMIT NEEDLESS WORDS
- Properly reference all information that is not
your own
4
Example of a poor abstract
NE104B
We performed Experiment T1.
(What is T1?).
The objective of this experiment is to observe
systematically the behavior of cocurrent
two-phase flow up a vertical tube.
(Copied from Lab instructions)
(Changed tense)
We had good results.
(Does this mean that the data fit some model or
did you just manage to get water and air to run
through a pipe?)
Drift-flux measurements showed that valve V4 was
off.
(No explanation of why this matters!)
We calibrated the orifice meters.
(Yes, but who cares now?)
We think that this is a good result for nuclear
reactors that use water as a coolant
(how and why??)
.
5
Example of a good abstract
NE104B
The two-phase flow properties of water (steam
and liquid) were simulated using a
room-temperature air-water mixture in a
transparent circular pipe section.
Concise summary of objective and method
The flow patterns at various combinations of gas
and liquid flow rates were photographed and
compared with the flow regimes predicted by
Hewlitt and Roberts and by Wallis,
Compared results to previous work
At boundaries, the Wallis model agreed to 20 in
flow rates agreement with the Hewlitt-Roberts
model was poorer.
Comparison is quantitative
The level-swell test agreed (10) with
drift-flux theory.
All aspects of experiment covered
6
Report construction (cont)
NE104B

• Keep experiment description short by
  referencing the
• instructions.
• Dont copy procedures, except for any
  modifications
• (give reason).
•   Figures, tables and graphs should be readable.
  
• Comparable figures and plots should be on the
  same scale.
• example of bad units In Expt. T1, Fig. 5,
  velocity, ft/s (flux)
• in Fig. 6, mass flux, lbs/ft2-s English
  units arrrrgh!
•   Provide analysis to confirm or refute a theory
  or model that
• has been claimed to represent the phenomenon
  you studied.
• Include extensive raw data as an appendix.

7
Report construction (cont)
NE104B

• Mathematical results should use
• - defined symbols
• - appropriate units and precision (number of
  decimal places)
• - uncertainty analysis
• Answer all questions
• - given in section at end of instructions
• - embedded in instructions
• In the conclusion section
• - concisely summarize results
• - indicate relevance to nuclear engineering
• - cite meaning of the results in a broad
  context.

8
Oral presentation Outline
NE104B
- Title - Introduction (Background/Motivatio
n) - Research approach/techniques - Results
(This is body of the talk) - Conclusions
Speak to your audience (everyone, not just 1 or
2 people)!
9
Title 32 font Helvetica or Arial (Bold)

• 28 point (great if there is sufficient space)
• 24 point (the workhorse font)
• 20 point (only if you absolutely must)
• 18 point (verbotten!)
• Other things that are hard to read
• ALL CAPS
• Crowded viewgraphsdetails are confusing
• Too many colors (some people are color
  blind)

Dark background colors and white type
OK
Underlining or italics are useful for emphasis
10
Powerpoint Hints
NE104B

• Having text move on entry keeps audience awake

• Once you start text entry, the rest of the
  slide must be the same

• Keep bullets and text aligned

• method click slide show ? custom animation ?
  add effect ? entrance ? choose among fly-in
  diamond, etc.

• best to start with blank page and create
  individual text boxes

11
Introduction
NE104B
 Why is this work important - provide some
background to relate your work to nuclear
technology, e.g. this work is important because
two-phase flow is critical for predicting the
heat transfer from cladding to coolant (and
thus peak fuel temperature) in accident
scenarios.

• Clear statement of Objectives (23 sentences).
  
• This sets the scene for audience

• what are the implications of the results?

Whats the big picture!
12
Research approach
NE104B

• How did you perform the experiment?
• Summarize relevant information,
• - a sketch or picture if it helps you make the
  point
• - simplified equations (explain each term)
• Examples
• -  Two-phase steam/water flows were
  simulated using an air-water mixture in a
  transparent circular pipe.
• - the flow patterns at various combinations
  of gas and liquid flow rates were photographed
  and compared with the flow regimes from the
  literature.

13
Sample Graphic page
NE104B
60 µm
100 µm
10 µm
Too many images What is your MAIN
point? Take out the Details!
60 µm
10 µm
100 µm
Too crowdedselect one or two images to
highlight the differences!
14
Sample Graphic Layout
NE104B
Label Axis
Label Axis 20 pt type
Make it simple, make it large dont crowd the
message
15
Conclusions
NE104B

• Succinctly summarize your experiment in 3-4
  bulletized statements