EARLY CIVILIZATIONS

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EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
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PRE-CIVILIZATION

• Humanoid beings in S. Africa, 3-4 million years
  ago
• Spread through use of fire
• Homo sapiens sapiens
• wise, wise human being
• Looked like us
• Africa, 150,000 years ago
• Hunter/gather vs. Farmer
• Neolithic Revolution
• Beginning of settlements

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MESOPOTAMIA (3000 B.C.)

• Between Tigris Euphrates rivers
• Modern-day Iraq
• Fertile Crescent
• Irrigation
• Controlled flow of rivers, no floods
• Be able support many more people
• Code of Hammurabi (pg 44)
• 1st written account of law
• eye for an eye principles
• What is law? Do we need it?

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EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

• 3100 BC Upper Lower Egypt Unite
• Society dependent on Nile River
• At 4000km, longest river in world
• Transportation, Irrigation, flooding
• Protected by natural barriers
• Deserts on east and west
• Seas to north and east
• Civilization flourishes
• Dynasty family of rulers
• Trade war with other societies

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CHINA (500 B.C.)

• Dynasty family of rulers
• Confucius
• The First Teacher
• Filial Piety
• Duty and Humanity
• Technological Advancements
• Paper, Rudder
• Significance?

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CONFUCIANISM

• Do not be desirous of having things done quickly.
  Do not look at small advantages.  Desire to have
  things done quickly prevents their being done
  thoroughly.  Looking at small advantages prevents
  great affairs from being accomplished.
• When anger rises, think of the consequences.

• To see what is right, and not to do it, is want
  of courage or of principle.
• Without knowing the force of words, it is
  impossible to know men.
• Love makes a spot beautiful who chooses not to
  dwell in love, has he got wisdom?

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ANCIENT GREECE

• Mycenae (1400B.C.-1200B.C.)
• 1st Greek city state
• Warrior people (why necessary?)
• Homer
• Iliad and the Odessey
• First great epic poem
• Hero overcomes
• Courage and honor

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ANCIENT GREECE

• Polis city state/surroundings
• Center serves as meeting place
• Direct Democracy
• Death to aristocratic system
• Mass meetings
• Citizens vote on everything/all decisions
• Whos a citizen?

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GREEK PHILOSOPHY

• Sophists
• Groups of traveling teachers
• Thought it beyond humans to understand the
  universe
• Self-improvement more important
• Socrates
• Goal of education improve the student
• Socratic Method QA, reasoning
• The unexamined life is not worth living

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GREEK PHILOSOPHY

• Plato
• Taught by Socrates
• How do we know what is real? (Forms)
• The Republic thoughts on government
• Aristotle
• Taught by Plato
• Favored Constitutional Government
• Empiricism experience, observation

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ALEXANDER THE GREAT

• Son of King Philip II
• Victorious invasion of Greece
• Brilliant military leader
• Conquered NE Africa, SE Asia

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ANCIENT ROME

• Modern-Day Italy
• 500BC Rome constant war
• Rome conquers all of Italy
• Why so successful?
• Good diplomats
• Great military
• Use of colonies
• Built roads
• Practicality in politics and law

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ANCIENT ROME

• Punic Wars Roman Empire
• Government
• Senate
• 300 elite men
• Violence
• Caesar as Dictator
• Wins civil war with Pompey
• Expands Senate
• Assassinated

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ANCIENT ROME

• Invasions from many sides
• Western Empire falls
• Theories as to fall
• Over expansion
• No workable political system
• Decline of values

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CHINA

• New Technology
• Printing (700-750 AD)
• Gunpowder (1100 AD)
• Trading of specialized goods
• Tea, silk, porcelain, gunpowder
• Mongol Empire
• Genghis Khan (1206 AD)
• Extends into Eurasia
• Death stops European conquest

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MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE

• Feudalism
• Born out of protection
• Lord and Vassal
• King John of England
• Signs Magna Carta (1215)
• 1st to limit power of a king
• Crusades (1096-1204)
• Four Campaigns in all
• GoalFree holy land from Muslims

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MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE

• Population doubles
• Political stability
• Tech. advancements
• Wind/water power, iron, crop rotation
• Manorial System
• Manor run by lord
• Serfs were bound to the land
• Paid rent, supply food to lord
• Were protected legally by lords (Why?)

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MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE

• Economics
• Growth of trade
• Venice (south) Flanders (north)
• Trade flows between these cities
• Birth of commercial capitalism
• Industry and Guilds

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MIDDLE AGES IN EUROPE

• Christianity in the Medieval World
• Popes struggle for power
• More trade less wealth for church
• Kings desire for freedom
• The Inquisition
• Find and try Heretics
• Use torture for confession
• Heretics are imprisoned or executed

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LATE MIDDLE AGES

• Black Death (Bubonic Plague)
• Spread by fleas on black rats
• Increased trade spreads disease
• Nearly ½ of Europe dies (38mill.)
• Consequences
• Anti-Semitism
• Increased Price of labor
• Falling prices of products
• Serfdom begins to end