Robots

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Robots
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Rossums Universal Robots
A play by Karel Capek, 1920
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The Three Laws of Robotics
1942
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The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through
  inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given to it by human
  beings except where such orders would conflict
  with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as long as
  such protection does not conflict with the First
  or Second Law.

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Early Robots
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Robotics - Tortoise
1950 W. Grey Walters light seeking tortoises.
In this picture, there are two, each with a light
source and a light sensor. Thus they appear to
dance around each other.
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Robotics Hopkins Beast
1964 Two versions of the Hopkins beast, which
used sonar to guide it in the halls. Its goal
was to find power outlets.
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Robotics - Shakey
1970 Shakey (SRI) was driven by a
remote-controlled computer, which formulated
plans for moving and acting. It took about half
an hour to move Shakey one meter.
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Robotics Stanford Cart
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Robotics Stanford Cart
1971-9 Stanford cart. Remote controlled by
person or computer. 1971 follow the white
line 1975 drive in a straight line by tracking
skyline 1979 get through obstacle courses.
Cross 30 meters in five hours, getting lost one
time out of four
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Planning vs. Reacting
In the early days substantial focus on planning
(e.g., GPS) 1979 in Fast, Cheap and Out of
Control, Rodney Brooks argued for a very
different approach. (No, Im not talking about
the 1997 movie.)
The Ant, has 17 sensors. They are designed to
work in colonies.
http//www.ai.mit.edu/people/brooks/papers/fast-ch
eap.pdf http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/ants/
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Special-Purpose Robots
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Phil, the Drug Robot
2003
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At the Other End of the Spectrum Roomba
2001 A robot vacuum cleaner
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And Then Theres Scooba
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Exploiting Household Robots

• Create free time.
• Increase birth rate?

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Industrial Robots
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Factory Automation
http//videos.streetfire.net/video/82D220A1-BAB7-4
BAA-AD46-72209AD5F6F3.htm
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Factory Automation
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R251_Handling_Of_Front_And_Rear_Axles_And_Ca
r_Doors.htm
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An Unpleasant Task
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R232_Robot_optimizes_cutting_of_pork_sides.h
tm
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A Robot that Sits in a Seat
http//www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_sea
rch/L_R295_Can_a_car_seat_withstand_conditions_at_
the_North_Pole.htm
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Robotic Surgery
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vsS4hRxxKQlk
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Hominoid (or Animoid) Robots
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Chatty Cathy
http//collectdolls.about.com/od/dollprofiles/p/ch
atty_cathy.htm
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Barbie Talks
http//www.talkingdollbook.com/
Teen Talk Barbie http//sniggle.net/barbie.php

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Brian the Brain
http//gizmodo.com/gadgets/brainiac-buddy/brian-th
e-brain-possibly-blams-brain-in-toy-form-295814.ph
p
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i-Que
http//www.amazon.com/Manley-34822-i-Que-Personal-
Robot/dp/B000P3OSPA
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Aibo
1999 Sonys Aibo pet dog
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What Can You Do with an Aibo?
1997 First official Rob-Cup soccer match
Picture from 2003 competition
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Big Dog
Boston Dynamics http//www.bdi.com/content/sec.ph
p?sectionBigDog A shorter video
http//www.youtube.com/watch?v4lenvylxvkkfeature
related
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Cog
1998 now Cog
Humanoid intelligence requires humanoid
interactions with the world.
http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-g
roup/
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Kismet
http//www.ai.mit.edu/projects/kismet/affectSpeech
_web.mov
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Robovie-II
How do Japanese elementary school students
interact with a robot who speaks only
English? 2004
http//www.irc.atr.jp/kanda/research.html
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QRIO
http//www.newscientist.com/article/dn4845.html
Dancing http//pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2003/1
218/sony_06.wmv Rapping http//www.youtube.com/w
atch?v-1UJA94Hwgs
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Kotaro
2005
http//www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ikuo/kotaro/index-
e.html
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Asimo
2005
http//world.honda.com/HDTV/ASIMO/200712-press-dem
o/
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Wakamaru
http//www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/about/i
ndex.html
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Humanoids for Training Human Doctors
http//www.engadget.com/2006/12/07/medical-student
s-treat-dummies-that-bleed-speak-and-die/
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Pygmalion Meets 21st Century
http//www.realdoll.com
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Elder Care
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Nursebot
http//www-2.cs.cmu.edu/nursebot/web/video.html
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Bathbot
http//www.nytimes.com/2004/03/05/international/as
ia/05JAPA.html?ex1393822800eneb854fe2a4e6c9bde
i5007partnerUSERLAND
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Routine Assistance
Aging Japan eyes cutting-edge robot technology to
help senior citizens with routine tasks
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Helping Yourself
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Paro
http//paro.jp/english/index.html
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Exploring Space
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Robotics - Dante
1994 Dante II (CMU) explored the Mt. Spurr
(Aleutian Range, Alaska) volcano.
High-temperature, fumarole gas samples are prized
by volcanic science, yet their sampling poses
significant challenge. In 1993, eight
volcanologists were killed in two separate events
while sampling and monitoring volcanoes.
Using its tether cable anchored at the crater
rim, Dante II is able to descend down sheer
crater walls in a rappelling-like manner to
gather and analyze high temperature gasses from
the crater floor.
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Robotics - Sojourner
Oct. 30, 1999 Sojourner on Mars. Powered by a 1.9
square foot solar array, Sojourner can negotiate
obstacles tilted at a 45 degree angle. It travels
at less than half an inch per second.
http//antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap991030.html
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Robotics Mars Rover
Tutorial on Rover http//marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/
gallery/video/animation.html
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Moving Around on Earth
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Pioneer
At the Chernobyl power plant.
http//www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/pioneer/
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Military Missions
http//www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid109
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Sandstorm
March 13, 2004 - A DARPA Grand Challenge an
unmanned offroad race, 142 miles from Barstow to
Las Vegas. http//www.redteamracing.org/
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(No Transcript)
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The 2005 Course
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Stanley the Winner
Completed the course in 6 hours, 53 minutes.
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The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
Autonomous ground vehicles must safely complete a
60-mile urban area course in fewer than six
hours. First prize is 2 million, second prize is
500,000 and third prize is 250,000. To succeed,
vehicles must autonomously obey traffic laws
while merging into moving traffic, navigating
traffic circles, negotiating busy intersections
and avoiding obstacles.
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The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge
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Some Videos

• The Final race
• CMU wins (déjà vu)
• An accident
• A Prius misbehaves

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What Do You Trust?
Autonomous intersection management