Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training: Tasks O2015, P2019

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Minnesota Wing Aircrew Training Tasks O-2015,
P-2019

• Ground Operations and Safety
• Preflight
• Emergency Egress
• Flight Line

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Safety Three Rules

• NEVER sacrifice safety to save time
• Use established procedures and checklists
• You may have to deviate from common procedures
  if you do, use common sense and prudent judgment.
  (See rule 1)

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Aircraft Pre-flight

• WALK AROUND
• WINGS
• FUSELAGE
• PROPELLER
• CONTROLS
• LIGHTS
• TIRES
• OIL
• FUEL
• COWLING
• TIE DOWNS
• CHOCKS

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What was missed on pre-flight?
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Aircraft Pre-flight

• A safety check of the aircrafts condition for
  flight
• Pre-flight is the pilots responsibility
• Should be performed with a checklist
• Pilot may request assistance of scanner or
  observer
• The walk around portion is an inspection of
  structural components, equipment, and other
  essentials such as
• Fuel and oil
• Landing, taxi, navigation, and anti-collision
  lights
• Tires and brakes
• Additional pre-flight tasks (such as run up,
  radio checks, etc.) occur after the crew is
  buckled in.

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Flightline Operations

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Flight Line Purpose

• Safety
• Traffic (and pedestrian) control
• Manage congested areas
• Fire watch
• Logistic assistance
• Fuel
• Ropes
• Etc.

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Aircraft Refueling Procedures
FUEL CAPS
GROUND WIRE
CHOCKS
FUEL SUMP DRAINS
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Flight Line Operations Safety

• No Smoking
• Keep the area clean
• Use proper surfaces
• Never push or pull on propeller to move A/C
• Hats off on flight line
• Approach aircraft from the rear when possible
• If aircraft is facing you, walk out by wing tip
  then walk behind strut to the door
• Seat belts and shoulder harnesses (lt1,000)
  including when moving on the ground

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Flight Line Operations Taxi

• Fire bottle (extinguisher) is required for engine
  start
• Only a CAP pilot or FAA-certified mechanic can
  start, taxi, or otherwise operate CAP aircraft
  in ground operations
• In congested areas ensure wing tips are clear
• Other aircraft
• Objects on the airport
• If in doubt, get a wing walker

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Safety During Ramp Movements

• Taxiing all crewmembers looking for obstacles
• Obstacle within six feet get out and push
• Obstacle within 6 to 10 feet get a marshaller
  or wing walker
• No unnecessary talk (sterile cockpit)
• Obey flightline hand signals
• But use common sense many linemen are
  inexperienced

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SIGNALMANS POSITION
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Flight line hand signals
Hands out making a pulling motion COME AHEAD
Outward motion with thumbs PULL CHOCKS
Inward motion with thumbs INSERT CHOCKS
Circle with hand START ENGINE
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Flight line hand signals
Motion forward, pointing left TURN LEFT
Motion forward, pointing right TURN RIGHT
Thumbs up ALL CLEAR - O.K.
Downward motion with palms SLOW DOWN
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Flight line hand signals
Crossing hands over head EMERGENCY STOP
Hands crossed above head STOP
Slash throat with finger CUT ENGINE
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Safety during Taxiing

• Taxiing all crewmembers assist the pilot
• Prevent collisions with other aircraft and
  vehicles
• Help the pilot find and stay on the taxiway (bad
  weather, low visibility, night on an unlighted
  airport)
• Be familiar with airport signs and markings
• Runway markings are white and taxiway markings
  are yellow

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Airport Signs and Markings
Follow the yellow lines
Stay behind the dashed lines
Need ATC permission to cross the solid lines
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Airport Signs and Markings
Mandatory signs have a red background with a
white inscription
May have a row of red stop bar lights embedded in
the pavement. When illuminated, do not cross
(even if given permission by ATC)
Location boundary signs have a yellow background
with a black inscription
Visible from the runway Visual clues to determine
when youre clear of the runway
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Airport Signs and Markings
Location signs have a black background with a
yellow inscription
Direction signs have a yellow background with a
black inscription
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Airport-related ATC Clearances

• Be familiar with ATC ground clearances that
  involve the airport signs and markings
• Back up the pilot when taxiing
• Controllers are required to get acknowledgement
  of all hold short instructions
• Pilot/Observer should read back all clearances
• Cleared to taxi or Taxi (implied clearance)
• Cleared for takeoff runway 22

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Airport-related ATC Clearances

• Meaning of clearances
• Taxi to Cleared to taxi to any point other
  than assigned takeoff runway. Cleared to cross
  all runways that intersect the taxi route. Does
  not authorize taxiing onto or crossing assigned
  runway.
• Taxi to hold short of Cleared to taxi, but
  enroute to taxi clearance limit must hold short
  of another taxiway or crossing runway.

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Airport-related ATC Clearances

• Meaning of clearances
• Cross runway Cleared to cross the runway
  crossing your taxi route and continue to taxi
  clearance limit.
• Hold short Do not enter or cross the taxiway
  or runway specified by the controller. If there
  is a painted hold line, do not cross it.
• Report position Identify your location on the
  airport.

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Egress

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Emergency Egress
   
 
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Normal Egress - Scanner Position (left rear)

• Engine is off, propeller stopped
• Front seat crewmember typically open the door
• Check to make sure you have everything necessary
  for debrief
• Mission Pilot may pull seat forward while seated
  to allow scanner to egress
• Remove headset, Unfasten seat belt, and step onto
  step on left landing gear strut, then onto ground
• Be observant for other aircraft, propellers
  (turning and stopped), flaps and ailerons
  (forehead height)

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Normal Egress - Observer Position (Forward Right)

• Check to make sure nothing will blow out the door
  when opened and that you have everything
  necessary for debrief
• Open the door only after the engine is off and
  the propeller stopped. Pull up on armrest handle
  to open the door
• Remove headset
• You may wish to pull seat forward while seated to
  allow scanner to egress (if 4 crewmembers)
• This will allow you to push the seat all the way
  back for easier egress

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Normal Egress - Observer Position (Forward Right)
Continued

• Push the seat back
• In Cessnas, this requires you to reach down to
  the left and hold a small lever, while squeezing
  a bar under the front of the seat
• Unfasten seat belt, and step onto step on right
  landing gear strut, then onto ground
• Be observant for other aircraft, propellers
  (turning and stopped), flaps and ailerons
  (forehead height)

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Normal Egress - Mission Pilot Position (Forward
Left)

• Complete engine shutdown checklist
• Check to make sure nothing will blow out the door
  when opened and that you have everything
  necessary for debrief
• Dont forget to remove your headset!
• Egress the same as for Observer, except from left
  door

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Variation in Egress

• Member owner non-Cessna aircraft will require
  modified egress methods
• Many aircraft are low wing and may only have a
  single door on the left side
• All crewmembers should be briefed prior to
  takeoff on how to open the door and egress the
  aircraft

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Emergency Egress

• May be due to fire, smoke or other condition that
  requires immediate egress
• Mission Pilot is the crew commander - do not exit
  the airplane before he tells you to do so
• Pilots whenever possible you should brief you
  crew on what you want them to do and how you will
  signal them to do it beforehand
• Front seat crewmembers should state if they will
  be pulling the seat up for the rear seat
  crewmembers to leave first or not

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Emergency Egress (continued)

• When given the egress order, egress the aircraft
  by normal methods, but as quickly as possible
• Leave debrief materials and other equipment in
  the aircraft
• Dont forget to remove your headset!
• Once clear of the door proceed to an area well
  away and aft of the aircraft
• Meet up with all of the crew to ensure everyone
  is safe

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Crash Egress

• Normal egress routes may be blocked
• A wing may be collapsed, door jammed, or the
  aircraft may be rolled over on its side or even
  inverted
• Prior to impact door locks should be opened so
  that the door is ajar
• During a crash landing, the fuselage may be
  deformed, having the door ajar prevents the door
  from being permanently locked barring egress
• On land, once the aircraft has stopped, egress by
  the fastest route possible
• Be aware of dangers such as loose headset wires,
  sharp metal, spilled fuel, etc.

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Crash Egress (continued)

• If doors are blocked, windows or baggage doors
  may be kicked out
• Once clear of the door proceed to an area well
  away from of the aircraft
• In a water ditching, stay belted in until a door
  or other egress route is open
• Unbelting early will disorient you, possibly
  trapping you in the aircraft
• Meet up with all of the crew to ensure everyone
  is safe