Biochemical Mechanism of Magnesium

1
Biochemical Mechanism of Magnesium

• Mark H. Whitney, Jeffrey S. Knott, and Jayne L.
  Kalbfleisch

2
Central Nervous System
STRESS
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
3
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
4
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
5
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
6
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
cAMP Concentrations
7
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
cAMP Concentrations
20, 22 Lyase Activation
8
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
cAMP Concentrations
20, 22 Lyase Activation
Cortisol Synthesis
9
ACTH
Adrenal Cortex
cAMP Concentrations
Liver
20, 22 Lyase Activation
Cortisol Synthesis
Glycogen Release
10
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
11
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
12
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
13
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
14
Epinephrine
Adenylate cyclase
ATP
cAMP
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
15
Epinephrine
Adenylate cyclase
ATP
cAMP
Protein Kinase A
Phosphorylase Kinase
Phosphorylase Kinase
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
16
Epinephrine
Adenylate cyclase
ATP
cAMP
Protein Kinase A
Phosphorylase Kinase
Phosphorylase Kinase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
17
Epinephrine
Adenylate cyclase
ATP
cAMP
Protein Kinase A
Phosphorylase Kinase
Phosphorylase Kinase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
18
Epinephrine
Adenylate cyclase
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
19
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
20
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
21
Nervous Stimulation
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
22
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
23
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
24
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
25
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
26
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
27
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Phosphorylase kinase-Ca2
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
28
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Phosphorylase kinase-Ca2
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
29
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Glucose-1-phosphate
GLYCOLYSIS
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
30
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Ca2-calmodulin-protein kinase
Glucose-1-phosphate
GLYCOLYSIS
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
31
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Ca2-calmodulin-protein kinase
Glycogen Synthase
Glycogen Synthase
Glucose-1-phosphate
GLYCOLYSIS
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
32
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Ca2-calmodulin-protein kinase
Glycogen Synthase
Glycogen Synthase
Glucose-1-phosphate
GLYCOLYSIS
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
33
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
34
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
35
Central Nervous System
STRESS
Hypothalamus
CRF
Pituitary
ACTH
Cortisol
Liver Glycogen
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Epinephrine
Muscle Glycogen
Muscle Glycogen
CRF- Corticotropin Releasing Factor ACTH-Adrenocor
ticotrophic Hormone
Adapted from Classen and Porta, 1996.
36
Nervous Stimulation
Adapted from Coffee, 1998.
37
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
38
Nervous Stimulation
Ca2
Troponin-C Ca2
Ca2-calmodulin-protein kinase
Glycogen Synthase
Glycogen Synthase
Muscle Contraction
Glucose-1-phosphate
GLYCOLYSIS
Adapted from Coffee, 1998 Fry and Hall, 1996.
39
(No Transcript)