Result Clauses

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Chapter 48

• Result Clauses

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The Sequence of Tenses

• The verb goes into the subjunctive,
• according to The Sequence of Tenses,
• dependent upon the main verb

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For purpose clauses I have come to praise Caesar.
The verb goes into the subjunctive, according
to The Sequence of Tenses, dependent upon the
main verb
For indirect commands He persuaded me to stay.
The verb goes into the subjunctive, according
to The Sequence of Tenses, dependent upon the
main verb
For fearing clauses I fear that you do not
understand me.
The verb goes into the subjunctive, according
to The Sequence of Tenses, dependent upon the
main verb
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For indirect questions I know where he is hiding.
The verb goes into the subjunctive, according
to The Sequence of Tenses, dependent upon the
main verb
For result clauses He spoke so clearly that
everyone heard him.
The verb goes into the subjunctive, according
to The Sequence of Tenses, dependent upon the
main verb
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The Sequence of Tenses (p. 268)
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Result Clauses show that action/situation B is
brought about by action/situation A, i.e., B
is caused by A or B is a result of A, thus
the term result clause!
Typically, result clauses in English are cued by
the words so or such A B He was so tall that
he had to duck under at all doorways. A B She
is such a good speaker that she easily persuades
all who hear her. A B There was so much
confusion that no one could be heard. A B He
plays so well that everyone wants to attend his
concerts. A B He behaves in such a way that he
did not irk anyone.
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Typically result clauses in Latin are cued by
words such as sic (adverb) thus, so (used
only with verbs) tam (adverb) so (used only
with adjectives or adverbs) ita (adverb) thus,
so, in such a way (Winner used with
adjectives, adverbs or verbs) tantus,a,um so
large, so great, so big tot (indeclinable
adjective) so many The negative is utnon
Caesar tam fortiter oppugnavit ut oppidum facile
occuparetur. Caesar attacked so strongly that the
town was easily captured.
Consul ita dixit ut milites non timerent. The
consul spoke in such a way that the soldiers were
not afraid.
Tanta est virtus Cloeliae ut omnes cupiant eam
ipsam esse ducem. So great is the courage of
Cloelia that all want her to be the leader.
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More subtle is the Substantive Result
Clause It is used after a small number of
verbs such as Accidit ut It happened that (as
a result) Effecit ut He brought it about
that (as a result) Necesse est It is
necessary that (as a result) Accidit ut nemo
vigilaret. It happened that no one was
awake. Effecit ut pax constitueretur. He brought
it about that peace was established. Necesse est
ut tu quam maxime temptes. It is necessary that
you try as much as possible.
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(No Transcript)
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Sententiae Antiquae
Quot in campo lepores, tot sunt in amore
dolores. Medieval How many rabbits (are) in the
plain, so many pains there are in love. Quot
caelum stellas, tot habet tua Roma puellas. Ovid
Ars Amatoria 1.59 How many stars the sky (has),
so many girls your Rome have. Quot servi tot
hostes. Sextus Pompeius Festus How many slaves
(you have) so many enemies (you have).