REVIEW OF KEY ORM CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES

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REVIEW OF KEY ORM CONCEPTS, PRINCIPLES PROCESS
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THE USAF ORM CONCEPT

• All are responsible for using ORM.
• Risk is inherent in all operations.
• Risk can be controlled.

AFPAM 91-215, Section A-1
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ORM WILL

• Systematically maximize training realism by
  reducing unnecessary restrictions and
  limitations.
• Expand operational capabilities in virtually all
  areas.
• Significantly enhance overall decision making
  skills.
• Power-down decision making.
• Make ORM the leading edge of improved
  employee-management relations.
• Cut losses significantly.

IN SUMMARY, ENABLE THE USAF TO DO WHAT NO
ADVERSARY CAN
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WHAT IS DIFFERENT?

• Compliance
• vs.
• Performance

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4 KEY ORM PRINCIPLES

• 1. Accept no unnecessary risks.
• 2. Make risk decisions at the appropriate
  level.
• 3. Accept risks when benefits outweigh costs.
• 4. Integrate ORM into doctrine and planning at
  all levels.

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BUT.... NOBODY TAKES UNNECESSARY RISKS?
1. Accept No Unnecessary Risks

• If all the hazards that could have been detected
  have not been detected then unnecessary risks are
  being accepted.

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2. Make Risk Decisions at the Appropriate Level

• Factors below become basis of a decision- making
  system to guide leaders
• Who will answer in the event of a mishap?
• Who is the senior person at the scene?
• Who possesses best insight into the full benefits
  and costs of a risk?
• Who has the resources to mitigate the risk?
• What level makes the most operational sense?
• What level makes these types of decisions in
  other activities?
• Who will have to make this decision in combat
  operations?

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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN AN ORGANIZATION STOPS TAKING
RISKS?
3. Accept Risks When Benefits Outweigh Costs.
WEBSTER BUREAUCRACY A system of
administration characterized by lack of
initiative and flexibility, by indifference to
human needs or public opinion, and by a tendency
to defer decisions to superiors or to impede
action with red tape.
MAINTAINING A BOLD, RISK-TAKING ORGANIZATION IS
ALWAYS A CHALLENGE IN PEACETIME. ORM HELPS.
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4. Integrate ORM Into Doctrine and Planning At
All Levels.
This is the one we want!!
Loss Control Staff Injects
Operational Leaders Add-On
Operational Process
Operational Process
Operational Process
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THE ORM 6-STEP PROCESS
AFPAM 91-215, Section A, Figure 2
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Step 1 - Identify the Hazards

• Process Emphasize hazard ID tools. Adds rigor
  and early detection.
• Output Significant improvement in the detection
  of hazards (50) .

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Step 2 - Assess the Risks
Process All hazards evaluated for mission or
activity impact. Root causes determined and risk
levels assigned. Output Personnel know the
priority risk issues of the organization and of
their function.
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Step 3 - Analyze Risk Control Measures

• Process Comprehensive risk control options
  developed on a worst-first basis.
• Output A full range of cost effective, mission
  supportive, risk controls for the decision-maker.

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Step 4 - Make Control Decisions

• Process Gets risk decisions to the right person,
  at the right time, with the right support.
• Output Personnel know their decision-making
  authority and limitations.

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Step 5 - Risk Control Implementation

• Process Leaders lead, operators involved,
  accountability known.
• Output Controls approved by decision-maker are
  implemented.

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Step 6 - Supervise and Review

• Process Measures mission effectiveness and
  direct indicators of risk.
• Output Real time status. Proactive, not
  reactive.

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USING THE 6-STEP PROCESS THE RISK MANAGEMENT
CONTINUUM
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USING THE 6-STEP PROCESS LEVELS OF EFFORT
TIME CRITICAL DELIBERATE
STRATEGIC
Little - Time - Complexity - Risk
Lot of - Time - Complexity - Risk
ORM is applied proportionate to operational
complexity, criticality, and risk!
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ORM IS BASED ON SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
AFPAM 91-215, Section B-12
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ELEMENTS OF THE 5M MODEL

• Man - Selection, Performance, Personal Factors
• Media - Climate, Operational, Hygiene
• Machine - Design, Maintenance, Logistics, Tech
  Data
• Management - Standards, Procedures, Controls
• Mission - The desired output of the system.

AFPAM 91-215, Section B-12.1
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Questions?