Electrical Safety ES Global Developments

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-Electrical Safety-ES Global Developments

• P.G. Sreejith
• Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd.

www.cholarisk.com
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In this presentation

• Section I
• Electrical hazards
• Electrical accidents Statistics
• Humans Electricity
• Electrical Safety Programme elements
• Section II
• Global Developments in Electrical Safety

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Electrical Accidents-Statistics

• 25 of all fires occur due to electricity (NFPA)
• 411 deaths from job related electrical accidents
  per year (NIOSH)
• Electrocution - the fifth leading cause of death
  (1982 - 1990) NIOSH
• About 12 deaths due to electrocution NCRB,
  (India)
• 42 of total fires occur due to electrical
  sources (Source -OISD)
• 8 deaths that occur in Indian factories are due
  to electricity

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ELECTRICAL ACCIDENTS- 10 year Period, Chemical
Industry
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(No Transcript)
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Electrical Near-Misses Accidents- Major Causes

• Working on live equipment w/o authorization or
  PPE
• Wiring mistakes coupled with failure of
  safe-energy conditions
• Leaving unsafe conditions

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Electricity and People

• A person usually offers a lesser resistance for
  the electricity
• The person forms a completed circuit when
  touching the ground
• Electricity always tries to travel to ground

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ELECTRICAL FIRES .

• ELECTRICAL FAULTS (Contd.)
• STATIC DISCHARGES
• LIGHTNING
• USING ORDINARY ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS
  AREAS

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Earthing

• Most electrical equipment is designed with a
  earthing system
• Earth all equipment with metallic body (TVs?)
• Double Single earthing- differentiation?
• Carry out ER tests annually as per NFPA 70
• Take action on high ER values
• Identify all earth pits, maintain a Earth Pit lay
  out

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Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers

• ELCBs reduce the likelihood of fatal shocks
• Detect small amount of leakage current and
  automatically switch off the power
• Can be used with extension cords and portable
  tools
• Fuses and circuit breakers protect equipment, not
  people
• Use the right sensitivity ELCBs (30, 100, 300 mA)

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Static Electricity

• Created when materials rub together
• Can cause shocks or even minor skin burns
• Can damage sensitive electronic equipment
• Reduced or prevented by
• Proper grounding
• Anti-Static rubber matting
• Bonding earthing of equipment, pipelines

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Electrical Fire Protection

• Use Linear Heat Sensing cables in cable cellars
  along with smoke detectors
• Consider all major electrical fires in EMP
• Install master control switches outside all
  stores
• Maintain PFEs for electrical rooms
• Consider local flooding systems for critical
  panels/ switchgear panels

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Case Study

• An electrician received a shock while trying to
  replace a tube light ballast in live power
  condition.
• He touched a live conductor. He was not wearing
  rubber gloves. Current entered his right hand
  through his little finger and exited through his
  left hand.
• Post Accident Correction
• Working on live circuits not permitted
• LOTO to be strictly enforced

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Equipment Operators

• Never tamper with electrical interlocks
• Do not repair electrical components of your
  machine
• Properly shut off machinery before operation
• Obey warning signs and follow safe procedures
• Follow PTW procedures strictly

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Electrical Preventive Maintenance

• Identification of critical Electrical Equipment
• Emergency lighting
• Fire Alarm System
• Protection Supply DC System
• UPS System, Battery Banks
• Electrical Maintenance Procedures to be aligned
  with NFPA 70 B

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Planning for EPM

• Personal Safety
• Equipment Failure
• Production Economics

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Electrical Preventive Maintenance

• Implement EPM without slippage
• Carry out all tests (ER, IR, transformer oil,
  DGA, LP system, transformer protective devices-
  simulation, FA system for electrical rooms, etc.)
• Adopt NFPA 70 E / B for electrical maintenance
• Adopt Risk Based maintenance
• Use predictive maintenance tools (hotspot
  detector, Ultrasonic detectors, Thermography)

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All electrical accidents are preceded by rise in
temperature sound
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ELECTRICAL
SAFETY AUDIT

• A systematic approach to critically analyze the
  existing Electrical Procedures and Practices from
  safety point of view

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Global Developments in Electrical Safety
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Present Status - ES-India

• ES Awareness is slowly growing
• Use of RCCBs in the rise, finer details are yet
  to be understood by many
• More ES workshops / seminars are conducted in
  India
• Statutory regulations are enforced strictly
  (Karnataka, Delhi - Use of RCCBs mandatory in
  residential buildings)
• Many industries are re-aligning their Electrical
  practices based on international standards (NFPA,
  IEEE, etc.)

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Evolvement of ES Standards / organizations-United
States

• NFPA - NEC (1897)
• NESC (1913), from IEEE
• NIOSH (Research example development of voltage
  detector that will signal the person if he gets
  close to live power)-1970
• OSHA (1970)
• NFPA 70 E B (1979) -approved by OSHA
• Electrical Trauma Centre, Chicago (1990)
• NESF(1994), by UL, NFPA, NEMA, CPSC

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ES Products...
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ES Auditing Techniques

• Electrical Risk Assessment using
  Semi-Quantitative Risk Ranking (SQRR) technique
• Emergency Lighting Risk Assessment
• Benchmarking against applicable standards
• NFPA 780 Lightning Protection
• NFPA 70 M Electrical Preventive Maintenance
• NFPA 70 E Personal Safety from Electrical Safety

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Electrical Risk Assessment (SQRR Technique)

• Risk Ranking based on severity, probability

High Risk- Statutory Non-compliance, FE hazards,
Shock hazards, Risks that could result in
immediate threat to life property. Immediate
correction Medium Risk - Maintenance
flaws,Operational issues-correction at the next
available opportunity. Low Risk - Mainly
improvement measures, long term implementation
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RCCB Tripping

• How do we solve this problem in India ?

Bypass it !!!
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ES related Information

• Indian Electricity Rule, 1956 (2000 rev.)
• (MoP, CEA web site,http//powermin.nic.in)
• Lightning Protection Risk Assessmentwww.furse.com
  
• National Electrical Safety Foundation
  www.nesf.org
• Free safety Power Point presentations
  http//siri.org/
• Electrical Accidents http//www.safteng.net
• IEEE IAS ES WS Delhi Dec. 2004

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Standards Codes

• NFPA 70 E B- E-Safety Maintenance
• NFPA 780- Lightning Protection
• API RP 2003- Static Electricity
• API RP 500- HAC
• OSHA 29 CFR- part 1910- Arc Flash
• NFPA 70- NEC
• IEEE 1584- Arc Flash Protection
• NFPA 77- Static Electricity
• OSHA CFR 1926-Personnel Electrical Safety

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Summary

• Electricity will try to reach ground even if it
  means going through a person
• Earthing has an important role in ES
• Always inspect power tools and cords and do not
  use them if damaged
• Do not attempt to repair electrical equipment
  unless trained and qualified
• Understand effects of Lightning- it could save
  your life!
• Major fires, explosions occurred due to ESD ,
  lightning in flammable atmospheres