APPLYING THE HEAT

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LESSON 6

• APPLYING THE HEAT

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OBJECTIVES

• REVIEW WHATYOU ALREADY KNOW ABOUT HOW HEATING
  AFFECTS SUBSTANCES
• OBSERVE AND RECORD THE EFFECTS OF HEATING ON
  DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES.
• DISCUSS THE RESULTS OF THE INQUIRY.

3
GETTING STARTED

• WRITE DOWN 2 EXAMPLES FROM YOUR OWN EXPERIENCE OF
  HOW SUBSTANCES BEHAVE WHEN HEATED. TRY TO
  DESCRIBE PRECISELY WHAT HAPPENED WHEN EACH WAS
  HEATED.

4
BRAINSTORM

• LETS RECORD YOUR IDEAS IN A CONCEPT MAP.

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE HEAT SUBSTANCES?
GETS HOT
TURNS INTO SOMETHING ELSE
ASH WATER
MELTS
BLACK RED GRAY
CHANGES COLOR
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INQUIRY 6.1

• THE PURPOSE OF THIS LESSON IS TO OBSERVE THE
  CHANGES THAT OCCUR WHEN SEVERAL DIFFERENT
  SUBSTANCES ARE HEATED.
• COPY THE FOLLOWING TABLE IN YOUR NOTEBOOK?

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Results of Inquiry 6.1Applying the HeatTable 1
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• SAFETY TIPS
• Use safety goggles at all times.
• Tie back long hair and restrict loose clothing.
• Never smell or taste the chemicals.
• Handle chemicals only with the lab scoop.
• Use only a test tube holder to pick up test
  tubes.
• Hold test tubes at a 45o angle with the mouth
  away from others and yourself.
• Never move around with a lit burner.
• Never refill the alcohol burners.

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• Do not walk around while the substances are being
  heated remain at the workstations at all times.
• Follow classroom procedures for disposing of
  broken glassware and cleaning up spills.
• Wash hands at the end of the lesson.

9

• Watch as a demonstration of how to heat a
  chemical called potassium permanganate is done.
  Record observations on line 1 of your data table.
• Observations need to be made before, during, and
  after 1 minute of heating.
• What are some things that you should have
  recorded?
• Phase, texture, color, movement in the tube, new
  substance produced

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COLLECT MATERIALS

• Safety goggles
• 1 burner (not in tote tray)
• 1 250 ml beaker
• 1 test tube holder
• 5 test tubes (16 x 125 mm)
• 1 lab scoop
• 1 test tube brush
• 1 test tube containing sulfur
• List contd on next slide

11

• Small jars containing
• Ammonium chloride
• Copper (ll) carbonate
• Copper (ll) sulfate
• Sodium chloride
• Zinc oxide

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PROCEDURES FOR USING AN ALCOHOL BURNER

• Remove the cap from the burners coil.
• Make sure the lid of the burner is dry. (Free
  from excess fuel)
• A teacher will light the burner.
• To extinguish the flame, place the cap over the
  flame.

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• Place one lab scoop of the first substance into a
  test tube.
• Write the name of the substance in the first
  column of your data table.
• Examine the substance carefully before you start
  heating it and record your observations in the
  2nd column.
• Attach the test tube holder near the mouth of the
  test tube.
• Heat the bottom of the test tube containing the
  substance for 1-2 min. Keep the tube moving to
  heat the substance evenly.
• Observe any changes record your observations in
  the 3rd column.

14

• Allow the test tube and the substance to cool for
  1 minute. Place the test tube in the 250 mL
  beaker. In the 4th column, record the appearance
  of the solid after it has cooled.
• Use the same procedure to observe, describe, and
  heat the sulfur. After cooling, return the test
  tube containing the sulfur to the tote tray to be
  used later.
• After you finish heating all six substances,
  extinguish the burner by placing the cap on the
  top.

15
CLEAN UP

• Make sure all of the tubes are cool before
  disposing of the chemicals in the container
  provided. DO NOT empty the test tube containing
  the sulfur.
• Use the test tube brush and water to clean the
  other test tubes thoroughly. Allow them to drain
  and then stand them upside down in the beaker.
• Return the test tubes/beaker to the tote tray.

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QUESTIONS

• Answer the following questions in your notebook
  following the data table.
• 1. Which substances (if any) showed no change
  when heated?
• 2. Which of the substances produced new
  substances when they were heated?
• 3. How can heating a substance help you identify
  it?