Oilshale electricity LCA LCA presentation Reeli Susi 28'03'2005

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Oil-shale electricity LCALCA presentation Reeli
Susi28.03.2005
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Introduction

• EU LIFE-Environment programme demonstration-projec
  t Introduction and Implementation of Life Cycle
  Assessment Methodology in Estonia Effects of Oil
  Shale Electricity on the Environmental
  Performance of Products (OSELCA)
• OSELCA Oil Shale Electricity Life Cycle
  Assessment
• Partners Estonian stateowned energy company
  Eesti Energia AS, Finnish Envir. Institute
  SYKE, estonian consultancy Cycleplan Ldt.
• Country-specific energy production data will be
  available through the OSELCA project.
• Carried out 2003-2005 y.

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Methodology Description of the current Estonian
electricity production profile and future
electricity supply scenarios
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• Estonia is the only country in Europe that has a
  significant oil shale mining industry. Oil shale
  is a fossil fuel, which is burned in thermal
  power plants (TPP) to generate electricity and
  heat. The oil shale power plants produce about
  95 of Estonian electricity, making oil shale
  based energy production a strategic industry in
  Estonia, which utilizes extensive amounts of
  natural and human resources. Therefore in
  Estonia, because of this unique electricity
  production profile, the oil shale energy
  production system had to be examined first,
  before other LCA-studies for Estonian products
  could be carried out!!!

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• The method of finding out the electricity
  consumption in Estonia was following from the
  net production the Power Plants (PP) self-usage,
  distribution networks (incl. company's equipment)
  technical losses and export were subtracted and
  import was added. It means that electricity,
  which was not delivered to the potential Estonian
  consumers, was not taken into account and whole
  imported electricity was included. Such approach
  guarantees that all the environmental impacts of
  electricity, consumed in Estonia (which could be
  generated anywhere in the region, whereas the
  production technology and source are taken into
  account), shall be determined.

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• In following the method of finding out the
  structure and profile for the current situation
  is described
• Firstly, the Estonian electricity production
  was categorised on the basis of production
  technology. Then each category had its share in
  total production, which was converted on the
  basis of electricity consumption. In addition,
  the imported electricity was classified according
  to the production technologies of the country of
  origin.

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Ca 90 of used electricity was produced using
oil-shale including oil shale condensation, oil
shale co-generation (CHP), oil shale
carbonisation gas and shale oil. This structure
shows the importance and influence of the oil
shale industry in current electricity production
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• In this study the environmental impact of
  produced electricity will be analysed according
  to different scenarios (electricity generation
  profiles) in year 2020. The effect of the impact
  assessment is based on the amount of electricity,
  consumed in Estonia.

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Methodology Overview of the life cycle inventory
analysis (LCI) of oil-shale electricity
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LCI involves the collection and quantification
of inputs and outputs for a product system under
investigation throughout its whole life
cycle.Data collection- fiscal year
2002.Numerous meetings with environmental,
production and other specialists were organised
in order to obtain necessary basic data.
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• Enterprises involved in the product system of oil
  shale electricity Aidu and Narva open casts,
  Viru and Estonia mines, Eesti and Balti PP,
  explosive factory Orica Eesti, Eesti Põlevkivi
  headquarters, mining technology factory
  Mäetehnika and railway transportation enterprise
  Põlevkivi Raudtee.
• On the basis of technological schemes the process
  flow diagrams were elaborated in the environment
  of KCL Ecodata (Keskuslaboratorio Oy 2003,
  Finnish LCA software KCL-ECO 3.0). Also used LCA
  software such as LIPASTO (Technical Research
  Centre of Finland,VTT), IISI database
  (International Iron and Steel Institute) and
  Ecoinvent (Swiss Centre for Life Cycle
  Inventories).

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Some examples of the process flow diagrams

• Technological schemes (process flow diagrams) of
  all open casts, underground mines and power
  plants (belonging to the product system of oil
  shale electricity) were composed.
• The modules of each production unit belonging to
  the product system of oil shale electricity.

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Allocation is the procedure, which aims at
distributing the environmental burdens
proportionally in a life cycle. Allocation
of oil shale with different qualities in oil
shale mining stage

• In Estonia mine and Aidu open cast,
  enrichment process is required in order to
  produce oil shale of different quality, suitable
  either for chemical industry or energy production
  in power plants. Allocation for these two
  products was avoided by expanding system
  boundaries.

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Allocation for electricity and heat energy in
Balti power plant
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Allocation for carbonization gas, shale oil and
phenol water in Oil factory
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OSELCA Task 2

• Identification of the differences between the
  environmental impacts caused by oil shale
  electricity and coal electricity through their
  whole life cycles.
• The environmental impacts of oil shale
  electricity are compared to those caused by hard
  coal
• In order to make a reliable comparison, the
  environmental interventions (emissions, resource
  extractions, land use) of both electricity
  sources are first gathered using the life cycle
  inventory (LCI) methodology of LCA according to
  the standards EN ISO 14040-14041. Next the
  inventory data is analysed by the life cycle
  impact assessment (LCIA) methodology.

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more informationhttp//www.energia.ee/OSELCA/
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Thank you for your attention! ?