Humans impact on plants

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Humans impact on plants

• Human kinds impact
• Agriculture
• Biological diversity human use for food
• Major species eated
• Damages for plants
• Species migration
• Artificial setting
• GMOS

• Facts figures
• Plants 1st human organism
• Biodiversity
• Hot spots
• Threatened species
• Factors limiting plant abundance
• Main causes
• Human kinds impact
• Deforestation
• Before now
• A threat to forests ecosystem
• Hot spots
• Top ten countries
• Reasons

VOUMBI Gorka LEDEROFF Erwan TRAQUANDI Martin
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1.1. Plants The first human organism
The fossil record 3 billion years ago
cyanobacteria began producing oxygen. Blue
green bacteria play an important role in the
fixation of molecular nitrogen, which can be used
by other organisms.
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1.2. Different kinds of plants
ridge.icu.ac.jp/ gen-ed/biomes.html.
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1.3. Global diversity
www.botanik.uni-bonn.de/ biodiv/globbiod.gif
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1.3. Repartition of  Hot Spots , as
exceptional biodiversified zones
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1.4. Threatened plants in the world
www.thegreencommunity.org/ extinct.html.
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1.5. Main causes genetic erosion
www.fao.org/DOCREP/ x0262e/x0262e02.htm.
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1.5. Limiting the abundance of sea plants
el.erdc.usace.army.mil/.../ html/table_1_.html
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2. Human Impact on Earth
www.staff.amu.edu.pl/ zbzw/glob/glob33e.htm.
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2.1 Deforestation
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Agriculture
World Resources Institute, Washington 1997,
revised by Greenpeace 2002
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2.1.2. A Major Threat to Forests Ecosystem

• Global rates of destruction
• 2.4 acres (1 hectare) per second equivalent to
  two soccer fields
• 149 acres (60 hectares) per minute
• 214,000 acres (86,000 hectares) per day an area
  larger than New York City
• 78 million acres (31 million hectares) per year
  an area larger than Poland

http//www.ran.org/info_center/factsheets/04b.html
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2.1.4. Deforestations "Top Ten" Annual
decrease of wooded area in hectares (1995 )
http//www.rcfa-cfan.org/french/f.issues.12-3.html
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2.1.5. Deforestations reasons

• Trees are chop down in order to make timber work,
  heat, paper, or to vacate some lands for
  agricultural activities, industrial activities,
  or other human activities

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2.2. Agriculture
Forests
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2.2.1. Biological diversity for food a largly
untapped resource
www.fao.org/DOCREP/ x0262e/x0262e02.htm.
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2.2.2. Major eated species
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2.2.3. Humans impact in agriculture

• Pollution of plants
• Nutrient ( nitrogen, phosphorus)
• Chemical Fertilizer
• Pesticides
• Genetic modification
• Species desaperance
• China used 10.000 wheat varietes in 1949 only
  1.000 remained by the 70s
• USA varieties lost since the last century
• 95 cabbage
• 9 maize fields
• 86 apple

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2.3.1. Non voluntary artificial setting-up of
non-endemic vegetal species

• The second cause of disappearance of plants is
  the introduction of invasive sorts. The danger of
  an alien is to suffocate the autochtonous sorts
  until remove them.
• Eg Trees in South Africa
• Eg Caulerpe Taxifolia in the mediterranean sea

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2.3.2. Voluntary artificial setting-up of
non-endemic vegetal species

• Otherwise, some botanical species are introduced
  in regions where they had never grown before,
  seemingly without any major disturbance.
• Eg Tomatoe and potatoe in Europe
• Eg Soja in Brazil

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2.3.3. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

• Old technique a long process to improve
  botanical capacities by naturally interbreeding
  pre-existing species
• Today transgenese (genetic engineering),
  isolating a gene to cross the species barrier and
  create a new kind of breed (Is this to play at
  being God ?)
• Ex tomatoes that do not rot, pineapple that
  mature faster, wheat that resists vermin, rice
  that allows several harvest a year, millet richer
  in basic nutriments.