Swiss Mission to NATO Brussels

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PFP PLANNING SYMPOSIUM 2001 DEFENCE REFORM A
COMMON CHALLENGE WITHIN THE PARTNERSHIP Oberammerg
au, Germany, 18 - 19 January 2001 The Reform of
the Defence Sector in Switzerland by Ambassador
Anton Thalmann, Head of the Swiss Mission to NATO
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Switzerland

• THE REFORM OF THE DEFENCE SECTOR IN SWITZERLAND
• PFP PLANNING SYMPOSIUM 2001
• Ambassador Anton Thalmann
• Head of the Swiss Mission to NATO
• Brussels

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Schweiz-Suisse-Svizzera-Svizra - Switzerland

• Surface 41284 km2
• Population 7, 5 Million (20 Foreigners)
• Capital Bern
• Cantons 26
• Religion 46 Catholics 40
  Protestants 14 Others

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Basic options for Switzerland
continuation of the cautious opening
?
?
Membership in alliance (NATO, WEU)
Return to full autonomy in security policy
Security Policy 2000 Security trough
cooperation (cooperation, short of joining)
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Neutrality
Declining relevance de facto in absence of
belligerent powers in the neighbourhood
Former times
Today
West
East
friendly
N
CH
abroad
Individual countries
Individual countries
Far abroad
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Driving Forces of Swiss Defence Reform

• New threat analysis since end of Cold War
• Evolution towards cooperative security in Europe
  (strategy of concentration on isolated
  territorial defence obsolete)
• Solidarity among beneficiaires of Euro-Atlantic
  security (burden sharing)
• Changes in civil society (effect on available
  leadership personnel, consequences for career
  planning of militia officers etc.)
• Cost factor (ever increasing price of equipment,
  pressure for peace dividend, necessity to ease
  burden on private sector due to high hidden costs
  of Swiss militia system etc.)

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Swiss Army Reforms

• Army 61 600000 (Cold War)
• Army 95 400000 (post Cold War, but only
  quantititavely)
• Army XXI 119000 active conscripts 80000
  reserve
• with clear post-Cold war profile
  (mobility, interoperability,
  brigade/batallion structure, more
  professionals, etc.)

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Report 2000 on Swiss Security Policy Armed forces
missions
Report 90
Report 2000
promotion of peace
contributions to international peace support and
crisis management
prevention of war and defence
area protection and defence
assistance as a contribution to generally
safeguarding our means of existence
contributions to prevention and mastering of
existential dangers
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Phases of Swiss Defence Reform

• Security Policy (completed)
• Political Directives FC (Sep 98)
• Sec Policy Report 2000 (June 99)
• parliamentary debate
• Army Reform XXI (ongoing)
• Political directives FC (May/Dec 2000)
• Framework document A XXI (in preparation)
• parliamentary debate legislation (Subject to
  referendum)

Army XXI (beginning 2003)
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Significance of Interoperability SWI - NATO in
view of neutrality (1)

• Interoperability aimed at participation in PSO,
  SR and humanitarian operations
• Interoperability also helps to prepare for worst
  case if SWI undergoes large scale attack and
  thereby loses neutrality (option of cooperation
  in defence with the enemy of the enemy)

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Significance of Interoperability SWI - NATO in
view of Neutrality (2)

• Interoperability must not lead to irreversible
  dependance Neutrality must remain possible.
• Changes since WW II
• Much less time available to execute worst case
  option (swiftness of modern WMD attacks)
• In certain cases No autonomous means of defence
  available (balistic missiles, etc.)

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Means of achieving Military Interoperability

• Swiss Partnership Goals (PGs)
• Improvement extension of Swiss PARP involvement
• Planning of Army XXI
• Continuing participation in Partner training
  programmes
• Increasing participation also in military
  exercises
• Participation in KFOR

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Partnership Goals 2000 (1)

• GENERAL (17)
• G 0355 LANGUAGE REQIREMENT
• G 2702 CJTF HQ AUGMENTATION
• G 2781 MESSAGE SYSTEMS UPGRADE
• G 2790 SATCOM FOR DEPLOYED FORCES
• G 3781 CIMIC GROUP
• G 3782 GENERAL CIMIC COMPANIES
• G 4000 MULITNATIONAL JOINT LOGISTICS CENTRE
  (MJLC) STAFF
• G 4002 LOGISTIC C2 AUGMENTATION
• G 4244 MEDICAL SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYED LAND AND
  AIR FORCES

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Partnership Goals 2000 (2)

• G 4250 SINGLE FUEL CONCEPT
• G 4251 TACTICAL FUEL HANDLING EQUIPMENT
• G 4350 BIOLOGICAL WARFARE VACCINE STOCKS FOR
  DEPLOYABLE FORCES
• G 4490 COLLECITVE NBC PROTECTION
• LAND FORCES (9)
• L 0001 LAND OPERATIONS AND TRAINING
• L 0550 UNATTENDED GROUND SENSORS (UGS) AND/OR
  LAND SURVEILLANCE VEHICLES (LSV)

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Partnership Goals 2000 (3)

• L 1030 BRIDGING EQUIPMENT
• L 2721 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LAND FORCE
  HEADQUARTERS
• L 2801 UPDATE OF TACTICAL COMMUNICATIONS
  SYSTEMS
• L 4211 NATIONAL SUPPORT FOR DEPLOYED FORCES
  FOR PFP OPERATIONS
• L 4216 SPECIALISED SUPPORT ELEMENTS FOR PFP
  OPERATIONS
• L 4252 FUEL HANDLING FOR GROUND VEHICLES

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Partnership Goals 2000 (4)

• AIR FORCES (7)
• A 0001 AIR OPERATIONS AND TRAINING
• A 0541 UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES (UAV)
• A 1100 SUPPORT AIRCRAFT AND HELICOPTERS FOR
  NATO LED PFP OPERATIONS
• A 1459 AIR NAVIGATION AIDS AND RADIOS
• A 2821 DEPLOYABLE AIR BASE C2 AND NATIONAL
  COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
• A 4152 MULTINATIONAL DEPLOYABLE AIR TRANSPORT
  HANDLING CAPABILITY
• A 4516 MULTINATIONAL INTEGRATED
  SURVIVE- TO-OPERATE (STO) CAPABILITIES

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Political directives of Federal Council for
framework document on Army XXI (May/December
2000)(1)

• Militia/conscript principle maintained
• Mission according to Federal Constitution (Art.
  5859) and Security Policy report 2000 of FC
• Contribution to international peace support
  crisis management
• Area protection defence
• Subsidiary operations in favor of civil
  authorities to fight existential dangers
• Ability to cooperate, without alliance membership
• Size 119000 conscripts as active component
  80000 reserve

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Political directives of Federal Council for
framework document on Army XXI (May/December
2000)(2)

• Duration of conscription for enlisted personnel
• 280 days in refresher course system, 300 in one
  block system
• end of military service at age 30
• NB Basic training (recruits school) 24
  weeks annual refresher courses 19 days
• Component armed forces Land Forces Air Force
• Cost envelope SF 4,3 bio p.a. during transition
  (till 2003)
• Available troops for international missions
  1600 p.a. in 2 rotations

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Composition of Reserve (80000)

• 4 annual contingents of servicemen having
  accomplished basic training (160 days) 6
  refreshes courses (6 x 19 days)
• 10 annual contingents of servicemen having
  accomplished 300 days training in one
• Note Only officers may be called up for max. 5
  days p.a.

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Swiss Army Command structure Debate on position
of CHOD in peacetime
Commander in chief
?
CommanderLand Forces
Chief of General Staff
Commander Air Force
Actual legal base art. 158/1 of Federal
Constitution (specific historical background)
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Partial Reform of Military Law ahead of Army XXI
on armament of Swiss peacekeeping contingents

• Will wave present restrictions on arming of Swiss
  peacekeepers (present legislation allows only
  armament of individuals for immediate
  self-defence excludes armed contingents)
• At present compensatory mechanisms for
  participation in armed peacekeeping
• use of professional personnel (ALBA operation)
• KFOR-type solutions (SWISSCOY in Austrian
  contingent in MNB S)
• reform is essential element for Army XXI
  (capacity to cooperate/interoperability in crisis
  management)
• referendum launched / vote June 2001

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Costs of national military defence of Swiss
Confederation 1998In Mio CHF ( 0.63)

• Command 205
• Training / Instruction 1210
• Infrastructure 650
• Logistics 1210
• Acquisitions 1960
• Total 5235

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Costs of Swiss defence 1998(Federal, Cantonal
and Communal) in Mio CHF ( 0.63)

• Budgetary
• Armed forces 5355
• Civil Defence 415
• National Defence 5770
• Social Insurance 790
• Others 465
• Total 7025
• Extrabudgetary
• Labour 1245
• Real Estate 440
• Others 325
• Total 2010

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Costs according to international standard in
relation to GNP in
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Military spending per capita in CHF