The Migration Transition

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Chapter 7

• The Migration Transition

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Chapter Outline

• What is the Migration Transition?
• Defining Migration
• Internal And International Migrants
• Measuring Migration
• The Migration Transition Within Countries
• Migration Between Countries
• Forced Migration

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Migration

• Changing residence and moving all social
  activities from one place to another.
• International migrants move between countries.
• Internal migrants move within national boundaries.

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Measuring Migration

• The U.S. Census Bureau defines a migrant as a
  person who has moved to a different county within
  the U.S.
• From the standpoint of a local school district, a
  migration would moving into or out of the school
  districts boundaries.

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Stocks Versus Flows

• The migration transition involves a process and a
  transformation.
• The process is that people move from one place to
  another and this represents the migration flow.
• The transformation is that the migrant stock
  changes as people move into and out of a given
  place.

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Flows and Stocks of Immigrants to the United
States by County
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Why Do People Migrate?

• Pushpull theory
• People move because they are pushed out of their
  former location, or because they have been pulled
  someplace else.
• Implementing strategy
• A goal (education, a better job, a nicer house, a
  more pleasant environment, and so on) might be
  attained by moving.

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Generalizations About Migration

• Migration is selective. Only a selected portion
  of the population migrates.
• The heightened propensity to migrate at certain
  stages of the life cycle is important in the
  selection of migrants.

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Who Migrates?

• Young adults are more likely to migrate than
  people at any other age.
• In most societies, it is expected that young
  adults will leave their parents home, establish
  an independent household, get a job, marry, and
  have children.
• In the U.S., women have virtually the same rates
  of migration as do men, reflecting increasing
  gender equity.

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A Conceptual Model of Migration Decision Making
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Young Adults Are Most Likely to be Migrants
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Migration at the Beginning of the 21st Century
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Frey Patterns of Population Movement in the
United States

• Uneven urban revival
• A select few metropolitan areas are gaining
  migrants at the expense of others.
• Regional racial division
• Influx of immigrants from Asia and Latin America
  diversified the receiving states (California,
  Texas, and New York).

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Frey Patterns of Population Movement in the
United States

• Regional divisions by skill level and poverty
• Redistribution of knowledge-based industries
  creates a migration of those with more education.
• Baby boom and elderly realignments
• Early baby boomers moved west and south.
• Suburban dominance and city isolation
• The modal commuter now lives and works in the
  suburbs.

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Theories of International Migration

• Theories focused on the initiation of migration
  patterns
• Neoclassical economics
• The new household economics of migration
• Dual labor market theory
• World systems theory

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Theories of the Perpetuation of Migration

• Theories focused on explaining the flow of
  migrants between countries
• Network theory
• Institutional theory
• Cumulative causation

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The U.S. Takes in More Immigrants (Net) and
Mexico Sends More Emigrants
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Immigration into Canada
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Solutions to the Problem of Refugee Populations

• Repatriation to the country of origin.
• Resettlement in the country to which they
  initially fled.
• Resettlement in a third country.