Building the London Eye

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Building the London Eye
Institution of Structural Engineers Educational
Trust
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• WHAT IS AN ENGINEER?
• Engineering
• Structural Engineering
• Science / Physics / Maths

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Rim
Hub Bearings
Spindle
Boarding Platform
Cables
A frame
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STATICSFORCES ERECTION
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ERECTION FORCES
T
C
C
T
W
Mathematical Model
Reaction
Reaction
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ERECTION FORCES
Jack here
T
C
C
T
W
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JACKS
OIL
OIL
Pressure / Area / Force / Distance
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STATICS LEGSSTRENGTH
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FORCES
How strong is a column?
C
T
W
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P
EQUATION FOR STRENGTH
P ?2EI L2
L
E material and stiffness I shape L length
P
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STRESS/STRAIN CURVE
STRESS
STRAIN
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CROSS SECTION SHAPE
?A
P ?2EI L2
y
I ??A y2
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P1
CROSS SECTION SHAPE
P2
P ?2EI L2
L
L/2
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STATICS TRUSSSTRENGTH
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• TRUSS STRENGTH
• Triangulation
• Resolution of forces

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With a triangle, the shape is stable and the
forces can be resolved
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With a triangle, the shape is stable and the
forces can be resolved
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THE SPINDLE
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SPINDLE
l1
l2
P2
P1
Tension
Compression
BENDING MOMENT
M P1l1 P2l2
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SPINDLE

?
y
M
L
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• MATERIALS
• Steel needs to be strong and tough / ductile
• Brittle materials are poor construction materials

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What happens if you get it wrong!
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THE HUB
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Friction / Lubrication
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DYNAMICS
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TACOMA
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TACOMA
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RESONANCE
M
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VORTEX SHEDDING
f VS
D
WIND
D
Natural vibration of strings
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DRIVE SYSTEM AND POWER
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Cyril, Six more hamsters
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TENSION CYLINDERS
Hydraulic cylinders
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Traction 300 x 40 200kN
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F
T F? /Wheel
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DRIVING FORCE
There are 16 wheels and ? 0.3 Traction 16 x
70kN x 0.3 336kN Need 200kN force lt 336kN
available Power relates to the rate of turning
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CAPSULES
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• GLASS
• Temperature gain
• Relative humidity
• Condensation
• Cooling

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DRIVE SYSTEM
Motor Joint Clutch Drive chains
Drive shaft
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ELECTRONICS / COMPUTERS / CONTROL
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• ELECTRICAL DEMAND
• Wheel turning
• Air conditioning units
• Lighting

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RIVER STRUCTURES
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• SHIP IMPACT
• Kinetic Energy ½ Mv2
• Energy Absorption Force x Distance

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CONSTRUCTION
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• FLOATING STRUCTURES
• Flotation
• Buoyancy
• Density

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Putting the structure together
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• CAREERS (Physics and Maths)
• Civil Engineering
• Structural Engineering
• Mechanical Engineering
• Electrical / Electronic Engineering
• Information Technology
• Architecture
• Building Services
• Project Management
• Quantity Surveying

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END
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