Unit Four

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Unit Four

• Lady Hermits Who are Down but not Out

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down and out without money, friends or other
resources wretched. Down and out is originally a
boxing term. When a boxer is knocked DOWN, the
referee counts to ten. If the boxer is unable to
rise to his feet by then, he is OUT, which means
he is no longer in the game. What the title
indicates here is that those lady hermits are
suffering from misfortune and are low in social
position, but they refuse to accept defeat and
persist in their clinging to life
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shifting population a number of population
coming and going. shift1.to exchange (one thing)
for another of the same class
???(????)???????????? Eg shifted assignments
among the students.???????? 2.to move or transfer
from one place or position to another.
????????????????????? Eg shift a burden from
one shoulder to the other ???????????? shift the
blame on to someone else ????????? 3. to change
(gears), as in an automobile. ?(?)??,??????? Eg
shift gears ??
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usually with an unhealthy appetite for
alcohol. --be addicted to alcohol. unhealthy
here refers to something not good for body or
mind. appetite--an instinctive physical desire,
especially one for food or drink. --a strong
wish or urge ?????,????? Eg an appetite for
learning. ??????? Idioms A good appetite is a
good sauce. ?????? get up one's appetite ??,
???? ??????? give appetite ???? have an
appetite for ?? to one's appetite ??????
?? whet one's appetite ??????? ??????? ???????
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populace--the general public the
masses. Population usually refers to the number
of people while populace refers to the common
people of a society.
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• What are the main characters of the lady hermits?
• They dont drink.
• They dont like companionship.
• They dont like conventional people.
• They dont overtly beg.
• They live in an isolated, mistrustful world of
  their own.

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Neither are they too keen on conventional
people. keen--eagerly desirous ????? I am keen
on going to Europe in the spring. ?????????? --acu
tely sensitive ????? a keen ear. ????? --sharp
vivid strong ????????? E.g. His entire body
hungered for keen sensation, something exciting.
???????????????,????????. --ardent enthusiastic
?????? E.g. a keen chess player. ??????
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• convention-- general agreement on or acceptance
  of certain practices or attitudes
  ??,??????????????????????
• By convention, north is at the top of most maps.
• ????,????????????
• --a practice or procedure widely observed in a
  group, especially to facilitate social
  interaction a custom sign
• a convention ????
• social conventions ????
• a matter of convention ????
• break away from convention ??????
• by convention ????, ????

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They will spend their days and nights in the same
neighborhood for months on end. on end
continuously, usually used with the plural form
of nouns to emphasize the time duration. Eg Last
summer we had no rain for weeks on end, so there
was a serious drought. Eg The play was such a
success as to run 200 nights on end.
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claiming they enjoy the freedom from constraints
of society. -- saying that they like to be free
from the restrictions of society. constraintone
that restricts, limits, or regulates a check by
constraint ?? ?? feel constraint ?????? subject
to the constraints ??????? under in constraint
??, ??? ????
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• Categories of bag ladies
• Those enjoying the freedom from constraints of
  society.
• Those who have no relatives to depend on and no
  financial source.
• Quasi bag ladies.

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anchor point dependable person or
thing. anchor-- a source of security or
stability. ??,??????????? --a heavy object
attached to a vessel by a cable or rope and cast
overboard to keep the vessel in place either by
its weight or by its flukes, which grip the
bottom. ???????????????,?????????????????????? --
a rigid point of support, as for securing a
rope. ???,???
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• with newspaper stuffed between the layers
• --the bag ladies filled the newspaper between the
  layers of clothes in order to keep themselves
  warm.
• stuff--to pack tightly cram to fill with an
  appropriate stuffing ??,??
• stuff a Christmas stocking ???????
• stuff a crack with caulking ?????
• --to fill (the mind) ?(???)??
• His head is stuffed with silly notions.
• ?????????
• He stuffed himself full of food. ??????

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The more bags the ladies carry the better
organised they are to cope with life on the
streets. organised equipped, prepared
materially. cope with deal effectively with
??,?? E.g Can you tell me how to cope with
sleepless nights? ?????????????? E.g A cup of
coffee can help cope with tiredness.
?????????????
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• take general conversation as an
  intrusion.they regard general conversation
  inappropriate and rude.
• intrude-- v.t. to put or force in
  inappropriately, especially without invitation,
  fitness, or permission ??,??,??????????????,??????
  ??????????
• intruded opinion into a factual report.
• ??????????????
• intrude-- v.i.to come in rudely or
  inappropriately enter as an improper or unwanted
  element ??,??,???????????????????????????
• The flute would be intruding here like a delicate
  lady at a club smoker?
  ?????????,?????????????

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• She volunteered over lunch in ---she began to
  speak voluntarily without being requested.
• volunteer (vt, vi) to perform or offer to
  perform a service of one's own free will to do
  charitable or helpful work without pay
  (??to??)????,??????
• We all volunteered to paint the house.
  ??????????
• Meanwhile, a number of university students have
  volunteered to drive buses while the strike
  lasts.
• ????,??????????????????????
• The doctor who had volunteered to settled down
  in the poor village became the chief fable of the
  villagers. ??????????????????????????

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• fantasy--an imagined event or sequence of mental
  images, such as a daydream, usually fulfilling a
  wish or psychological need.
• Eg The young man lives in a world of fantasy.
• imagination fancy
  fantasy
• These nouns refer to the power of the mind to
  form images, especially of what is not present to
  the senses.
• Imagination is the most broadly applicable
• The actor rehearsed the lines in his
  imagination.
• Fancy especially suggests mental invention
  that is whimsical, capricious, or playful and
  that is characteristically well removed from
  reality
• Is world peace only the fancy of idealists?
• Fantasy is applied principally to the product
  of imagination given free rein and especially to
  elaborate or extravagant fancy.
  Fantasy??????????????????????
• The poet is in command of his fantasy, while it
  is exactly the mark of the neurotic that he is
  possessed by his fantasy. ???????????????,????????
  ???????????????.

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• shopping bag ladies are still at a loss to
  separate truth from imagination.--shopping bag
  ladies still do not know how to tell reality from
  imagination.
• at a loss--perplexed puzzled not certain
  ??????
• I am at a loss to understand those remarks.
• ???????.
• He was at a loss how to cope with the situation.
• ???????????
• What he said at the meeting left me completely at
  a loss.
• ???????????????
• -- below cost ?????
• sold the merchandise at a loss. ??????

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• lodge--a cottage or cabin, often rustic, used as
  a temporary abode or shelter
• ???????,??????,????????????
• a ski lodge. ????
• --to provide with temporary quarters, especially
  for sleeping
• ?????????????,??????
• lodges travelers in the shed.
• ??????????
• lodged the children with relatives after the
  fire.
• ??????????????
• --to serve as a depository for contain
  ??????????
• This cabinet lodges our oldest wines.
  ????????????????
• lodge money in the bank ??????
• lodge a protest against sb. ???????
• lodge a complaint against sb. with the
  authorities concerned
• ????????????

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• she was entitled to a small disability pension
• entitle--to furnish with a right or claim to
  something
• ???????
• The coupon entitles the bearer to a 25 percent
  savings. ???????????????????
• Every citizen is entitled to equal protection
  under the law.
• ??????????????
• This ticket entitles you to a free lunch.
  ?????????????
• You are not entitled to travel first class.
• ?????????(??????)?
• -- give a name or title to ??????
• be entitled Your Excellency ??????
• The editorial is entitled.... ????????...?

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• claim--to demand or ask for as one's own or one's
  due assert one's right to ??,????????????????
  ???
• claim a reward.????
• Every citizen may claim the protection of the
  law.
• Does anyone claim this umbrella? ??????????
• --to take in a violent manner as if by right
• ??,?????????????????
• a hurricane that claimed two lives. ?????????
• --to state to be true, especially when open to
  question assert or maintain ??,??????,?????????
  ?????
• I claimed he had won the race. ??????????
• --to deserve or call for require ?????????
• problems that claim her attention. ??????????