Author Cocitation Analysis: An Introduction

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Author Cocitation Analysis An Introduction

• Sean Eom

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Introduction

• Cumulative Research Tradition
• Tracing the intellectual linkage
• The process of referencing

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Bibliometrics ACA

• Bibliometrics, Statistical Bibliography
• The application of mathematics and statistical
  methods to books and other media of communication
• Purposes
• to shed light on the processes of the nature and
  course of development of a discipline, by means
  of counting and analyzing the various facets of
  written communications (Prichard 1969).

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When does the cocitation occur?

• When a citing paper cites any work of authors in
  reference lists
• Ref. of Paper 1 Ref. of Paper 2
  Ref. of Paper 3
• Ackoff Ackoff Ackoff
• Bonczek Ackoff Ackoff
• Bonczek Applegate Blanning
• Blanning Applegate
• Blanning Whinston
• Blanning
• Whinston

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Sample Cocitation Matrix

• Ackoff Applegate Bonczek
  Blanning Whinston
• Ackoff
• Applegate
• Bonczek
• Blanning
• Whinston
  

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• Ackoff Applegate Bonczek Blanning
  Whinston
• Ackoff
• Applegate 1
• Bonczek 1 0
• Blanning 2 0 2
  
• Whinston 2 1 1
  2

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Author Cocitation Analysis

• "a set of data gathering, analytical, and
  graphical display techniques that can be used to
  produce empirical maps of prominent authors in
  various areas of scholarship" (McCain 1990)

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When does the cocitation occur?

• When a citing paper cites any work of authors in
  reference lists
• Ref. of Paper 1 Ref. of Paper 2
  Ref. of Paper 3
• Ackoff Ackoff Ackoff
• Bonczek Ackoff Ackoff
• Bonczek Applegate Blanning
• Blanning Applegate
• Blanning Whinston
• Blanning
• Whinston

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Can you see the trunk, branches, and the roots of
the tree?
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ACA A Tool for Digging Up the Roots, Trunks,
Branches
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ACA is a tool

• To study of the evolution of an academic
  discipline.
• to understand how it evolved from the earliest
  times to the present
• to identify the continuing lines of research
  (cumulative research tradition) as a basis of
  extending others research to build the
  fundamental theories.

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Assumptions of ACA

• Bibliographic citations are an acceptable
  surrogate for the actual influence of various
  information sources. (McCain 1986).
• the greater the number of times a pair of
  documents/authors are cited together, the more
  likely it is that they are related in content.
• the cocitation analysis of a field yields a valid
  representation of the intellectual structure of
  the field (Bellardo 1980 McCain 1984 McCain
  1990 Smith 1981).

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Purposes

• ACA is the principal bibliometric tool to
  establish relationships among authors in an
  academic field and thus can identify
  subspecialties of a field and how closely each
  subgroup is related to each of the other
  subgroups.

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Overview of the System I developed
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Advantages of the System I developed

• First, the system we are introducing here has the
  capability to access to the non-primary authors
  of cited references.
• Second, the alternative approach we introduce
  here can be a more effective tool for identifying
  the intellectual structure of an academic field
  accurately.
• Third, the system is a tool for identifying the
  reference disciplines of a field.

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Overview of the ACA Steps

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Overview of SAS Procedures
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A Matrix of Factor Loadings with Eigen values
and communality
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Rotated Factor Pattern
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computed relative distance
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Ackoff Churchman Mason Mitroff
CL32 CL18
CL15 CL71
Cyert March Sage Stabell Newell Simon
Mintzberg Raisinghani Theoret
CL7 CL12
Slovic Tversky Payne Einhorn Hogarth
CL5 CL16
Alavi KingW Robey Swanson Ives Lucas Zmud DavisG
OlsonM
CL30 CL22
CL4 CL3
Huysmans Bariff Lusk Chervany Schroeder Todd
Remus Benbasat Dexter McIntyre Sharda
Hackathorn Stohr Bennett Alter Keen Scott Morton
Carlson Anthony Gorry Sprague Naylor Donovan
Little Ariav Ginzberg Courtney Sanders McLean
Meador Rockart Hogue WatsonH
Basu Dutta Binbasioglu Krishnan Stohr Liang
Geoffrion JonesCV
CL13 CL43
Kottemann Blanning Dolk MillerLW Elam Henderson
Whinston Bonczek Holsapple Turban Watkins
CL2 CL6
CL8 CL9
Hayes-Roth DavisR Shortliffe Buchanan
CL11 CL33
Shakun Bui Jarke Jelassi Eom LeeS
Dyer Wallenius Zionts Keeney Raiffa
CL1
Malone Konsynski Applegate Nunamaker Janis Huber
DeSanctis Gallupe Dickson Jarvenpaaa Gustafson
Delbecq Van DeVen
CL17 CL23
CL14 CL19
Kull Beauclair Gray LewisF Steeb Johansen Hiltz
Turoff Kraemer KingJ Kiesler McGuire
Dubrovsky Siegel McGrath Hackman
ShawME Pinsonneault RaoVS Zigurs Poole WatsonR
CL10 CL110
Connolly Valacich Jessup Vogel Dennis George
McGoff Heminger Growhowski Martz Stabell Lengel
Bobrow Stefik Lanning Foster Suchman
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Systems Science

Organization Science

Cognitive Science
Implementation

User Interface

Foundations

Model Management



Artificial Intelligence
MCDSS

MCDM

GDSS
Communication

Organization Science
Psychology
Artificial Intelligence
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The configuration of points is the relative
location of all the points in Euclidean space.
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Conclusions

• ACA is a tool for mapping the scholarly landscape
  of an academic discipline.
• The three main needs for establishing the study
  of MIS as a coherent academic discipline
  suggested by Keen ---identification of dependant
  variables, clarification of reference disciplines
  and building a cumulative tradition.
• ACA can be used to clarification of reference
  disciplines and building a cumulative tradition.