Investigating Oil and Gas:

1
Investigating Oil and Gas

• Environmental and Social Impact on Emerging oil
  countries

2
Origin of the oil crisis between the Nigerian
government and the oil bearing communities

• Years of developmental Neglect
• Failure of the oil-multis to develop from the
  onset a community/people oriented development
  strategy
• Mis-conception about ownership rights rooted in
  the Nigerian constitution fuziness
• Failure of successive governements to design a
  workable blueprint for the oil region
• Lack of Political Will on the part of government
  to reign in the oil companies

3
Oil Community ActivismThe Ogonis

• Ken Saro Wiwa (perhaps after Adak Boro) led the
  next agitative phase of demands on the Nigerian
  state
• Ken Saro Wiwa formed the Movement for the
  Survival of Ogoni People, MOSOP
• He cobbled together the brilliant Ogoni bill of
  rights which set out in clear terms the
  background to their agitation and their demands
• Ken through MOSOP put the plight of the Ogoni
  people and that of the oil communities on the
  national and international agenda
• MOSOP demanded for a dialogue with the Nigerian
  state and the oil companies. Instead it got guns
  and the hangman

4
The Politics of Oil

• -lack of a well conceived developmental
  intervention plans
• .Elected Officials-used militants as political
  thugs, provided them with funds to procure
  ammunitions, corruption cover up, bunkering,
  feeding the beast
• .Militants-Over 207 militia groups. Most of them
  shadow groups with a different agenda.
• -modus operandi hostage taking, bunkering,
  attacks, pipeline vandalisation often undermine
  the larger goal
• MEND-Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger
  Delta seems the most authentic but leadership
  structure is fuzzy.
• .NNPC-Nigerian government oil company confessed
  to payoffs to militants over the years in a way
  undermining the process.

5
Demand of the oil bearing communities

• Restitution-repair the devastated
  lands,compensate farmers and families affected by
  oil drilling/spillages
• Despoilationagree to the environmental impact
  of oil exploration such as environmental
  pollution, water/fisheries pollution, health
  hazards and roll out plans for compensation and
  land reclaimation
• Employment-increase number of indigenes of oil
  employed by oil coys both in skilled and
  unskilled position.
• A blue print/master plan to accelerate the
  development of vital infrastructure in the region
• Revenue-an increase in the revenue allocation
  from the center from 13 to 25
• .Enforcement-demand that the government enforce
  the law and investigate abuses on the part of oil
  foreign oil coys

6
IMPORTANT SOURCES

• Africa Energy Intelligence Publication
• Journal of Criminal Law
• International Enforcement Report.
• Global Witness
• Environmental Rights Agenda