Confined Space

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Ship Yard Safety Brief
MLCA (kse)
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Confined Space
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What is a confined space?
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• OSHA defines a confined space as
• 1. Any space which by design has limited opening
  for entry and exit ( one way in and out ).
• 2. Unfavorable ventilation which could contain or
  produce dangerous air contaminants.
• 3. Not intended for continuous occupancy.

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• Tanks

• Manholes

• Voids

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The some major hazards associated with a confined
space.
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• Oxygen deficient atmosphere contain less than
  19.5 oxygen.

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• Toxic Vapors and gases which exceed their PEL
  (Permissible Exposure Limit).

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• Flammable or Combustible atmosphere in which
  vapors or gases are equal to or greater than 10
  LEL (Lower Explosive limit).

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• Has the potential to engulf a person.

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Other Hazards

• Rust a potential oxygen deficiencies.
• Organic materials such as fruits,vegetables
  deteriorate into hydrogen sulfide gas.
• Standing seawater will deplete oxygen and
  deteriorate into hydrogen sulfide and methane
  gases.

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Gas Free Engineer

• Gas Free Engineers may only certify compartments
  gas free for Coast Guard military personnel only.
• Commercial contractors that requires entry into a
  confined space, shall provide a certified marine
  chemist (NFPA approve).

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Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH)

• Flammable vapors at a concentration of 10 or
  greater of the LEL.
• Oxygen content less than 16.5
• Presence of toxicants above the NIOSH approved
  IDHL limits.

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Underway Emergency
An oxygen breathing apparatus (OBA) may be used
for entry into a potentially IDLH if the
following conditions are met...
NSTM 074 -18.8
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• Underway when required by an emergency
• Approved by the CO.

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• ONLY THE COMMANDING OFFICER CAN AUTHORIZE
  ENTRY INTO IDLH SPACES.

COMDTINST M9000.6B
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WHEN IN DOUBT, STAY OUT
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Fire watches
When open flame or heat producing work (welding,
cutting or brazing) is conducted, the work-site
must be inspected by the Gas Free Engineering (
GFE ) regardless of location.
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• Fire watch personnel must be protected against
  the same hazards as the operator.

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• All fire watch personnel must be qualified in
  Basic Damage Control PQS.

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• Fire watches viewing arc welding or cutting are
  exposed to UV or intense visible light causing
  flash burns or eye damage

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• Use tinted glasses 6 shade

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• Fire watch personnel must be outfitted with a
  metal- fume respirator. If ventilation in the
  vicinity can not be depended upon for good fume
  removal, then respirator are necessary.

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• Welding or Burning will require HEPA
  ( high efficiency particulate
  air filter )

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• Bring to the scene a fire extinguisher
• ( CO2 or Water Bottle) that is compatible with
  the surrounding combustibles.

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EYE SAFETY
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Eye Hazards

• Puncture

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• Radiation

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• Impact

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• Particles/Dust

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Protective Eyewear
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
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Selection

• First determine the type of hazard present.
• Select the appropriate respirators.
• Select the Cartridges / Pre-filter.

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Types of Hazards
Dust Solid particles are broken down. Irritates
nose, airways, throat. Mist Tiny droplets of
liquid. Irritates nose airways, throat.. Fumes
When Plastic or metal is heated, contains
particles of plastic or metal. Collect in your
favorite organs. Vapor Substance that evaporates
from a liquid or solid. Goes directly to lungs
and blood. Gas A substance which becomes
airborne at room temperature. Goes directly to
lungs then bloodstream.
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TYPES OF RESPIRATORS
Positive Pressure
Air Purifying Respirator
Dust Mask
DO NOT USE
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Selection

• Grinding or Sanding will require a particulate
  cartridges.

• Spraying paint will require a organic vapor
  cartridges with a paint spray pre-filter.

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HEPA (high efficiency particulate air filter )

• When in doubt, check the MSDS sheet.

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Inspect respirator prior to use.

• Must be clean and sanitary
• No cuts or nicks, will prevent a good seal.
• Must be soft and pliable.
• Check valves.

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The Fit Test

• Cover cartridges with the palms and inhale.
  Facepiece should collapse.
• Cover exhalation valve with hands, mask should
  inflate.
• Adjust straps as needed.
• Dont use respirator if you cant
• pass fit test!

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Maintenance

• Clean Respirators by disassembling / washing in
  warm water and mild detergent.
• store mask and cartridges in ziplock bags.
• Use a locker to store respirators and cartridges.

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Hearing Conservation
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Sound Levels

• 85-90 dba Shop tools
• 90-100 dba Shop tools,small engines.
• 100-130 dba deck-growler.
• 140 dba Explosions, Painful acoustic trauma.

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• 85-100 dba - Single hearing protection.
• 104 dba - Double hearing protection.

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Disposable plugs

• Yellow foams offer good protection, cheap,
  comfortable can be supplemented with muffs.
• Bands keep clean, replace seals when no longer
  adequate.

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Ear Muffs

• Best protection, ensure pads are around the
  outside of muffs, remain pliable and clean.

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Electrical and Tag-out Safety
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Civilian contractors and shipyard workers follow
29 CFR 1915.132 Portable electric tools as their
safety standard.
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Contractor electrical equipment hazard should be
brought to the safety officer or ship-sup.
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• Contractors and shipyard worker must follow the
  ships tag-out procedures .
• Only qualified ships force personnel shall
  position equipment and install tags, check and
  shall remove all tags.

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Tag shall be attached such they are apparent to
anyone who may attempt to operate the equipment.
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Improper attached tag

• When tags used on push-button electrical
  isolating device, the tag must cover the
  push-button if it is accessible or on the cover
  panel hasp.

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Common hazards
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• Open stuffing tubes
• Untagged dead-ended cables
• Out of date safety tags
• Over/under fused circuits
• Failure to tag-out

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• Loose receptacle boxes.
• Electric cable laying water.
• Open switchboards without barriers or warnings.
• Power panels missing doors or exposed wiring.
• Missing high voltage signs.

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Ladders and Scaffolds
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• Ladders must be lashed, blocked or secured in
  place.
• Ladders used for access to an upper level should
  extend 36 beyond that level.

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• Must be solid, sturdy able to support load safety
  factor of 4 (load 200 lbs. x 4800).
• lumber must be sound, straight and free of loose
  knots.
• unpainted
• Working 5 feet above the deck must have rail or
  lifelines.

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• Working platform 5 feet above the deck must have
  rails or lifelines
• If no lifeline, then use safety belts.

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The proper harness
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Improper safety harness