Oromia Region: Environmental and livestock characteristics

1
Oromia Region Environmental and livestock
characteristics

• Ed Rege, ILRI
• 25 February 2003

2
Introduction

• Total area 366,000 Sq. Km 32 of the country
• Geographical diversity Land elevation from 500
  to 4300m asl
• Human population 19 Million 90 in the rural
  areas
• Richest in livestock resources

3
Zones of Oromia Region
East Hararge
North Shoa
East Shoa
West Shoa
East Wellega
West Wellega
West Hararge
Illubabor
Arsi
Bale
Jimma
Borana
4
Main characteristics

• Environmental characteristics
• Agro-ecological Zone
• Production system

• Livestock characteristics
• Livestock density
• Types of species
• Prevalence of diseases

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Agro-ecological zone

• Dega Highland (2300-3200m asl)
• Weina Dega Midland (1500-2300m asl)
• Kolla Lowland (500-1500m asl)

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Agro-ecological zone (cont.)
Agro-ecological zones
Kolla (Lowland)
Weina Dega (Midland)
Dega (Highland)
Source Ethiopian Mapping Agency and Ministry of
Agriculture 2000
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Agro-ecological zone (cont.)
Kolla (Lowland)
Weina Dega (Midland)
Dega (Highland)
Percentages of selected households by
agro-ecological zone
8
Livestock density

• Low 1 to 50 animals/km2
• Medium 51 to 100 animals/km2
• High 101 to 200 animals/km2
• Very high gt 200 animals/km2

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Livestock density (cont.)
Livestock density (no/km²)
Low 1-50 Medium 51-100 High 101-200 Very
high gt200
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Livestock density (cont.)
Low 1-50 animals/km2 Medium 51-100
High 101-200 Very high gt200
Percentages of selected households by livestock
density
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Livestock density agro-ecological zone by
Dega
Weina Dega
Kolla
Livestock density
Very High
Low
Medium
High
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Productionsystem

• Crop-livestock systems
• Agro-Pastoralists systems
• Pastoralists systems

13
Production system (cont.)
Crop- livestock systems
Agro-pastoralist
Pastoralist
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Production system by zone
Percentages of selected households by Zone and
agro-ecological zone
15
Production system by agro-ecological zone
16
Livestock species

Percentages of households owning species of
livestock
17
Livestock species by agro-ecological zone
18
Livestock species by production system
19
Prevalence of diseases of cattleby
agro-ecological zone
60
50
40

30
20
10
0
FMD
Bloat
Tryps
CBPP
Anthrax
Mastitis
Blackleg
Skin diseases
Lung diseases
Other diseases
Pasteurollosis
Internal parasites
Dega
20
Prevalence of diseases of cattleby livestock
density
60
50
40

30
20
10
0
FMD
Bloat
Tryps
CBPP
Anthrax
Mastitis
Blackleg
Skin diseases
Pasteurollosis
Lung diseases
Other diseases
Internal parasites
Low
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Prevalence of diseases of cattleby Zone
Percentages of households reporting prevalences
of diseases by Zone
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Conclusions

• In general livestock density is higher in
  highland areas than in midland and lowland
  areas
• Crop-livestock systems are the predominant
  production system in the Region
• Agro-pastoralist and pastoralist are more often
  found in lowland areas
• Nearly all the selected households kept cattle
• Most species are found in all agro-ecological
  zones. Camels are predominantly found in lowland
  areas and horses in highland areas

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Conclusions (cont.)

• Cattle, sheep and donkeys occur in all production
  systems. Goats and camels tend to occur more
  often in pastoralist systems, and horses in
  crop-livestock systems
• Blackleg was reported to be the most prevalent
  disease, followed by anthrax. Trypanosomosis was
  more prevalent in lowland areas. Prevalence of
  mastitis increased with livestock density