Title: EECS194 The Internet of Everyday Things
1EECS-194 The Internet of Everyday Things
- David E. Culler
- Jonathan Hui
- EECS
- University of California Berkeley
2Introductions EECS194 Staff
David E. Culler - Instructor culler_at_cs.berkeley.ed
u http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/culler 627 Soda
Hall, 643-7572 Office hours W 1-3, Th
1-3 Jonathan Hui - TA jwhui_at_cs.berkeley.edu http
//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/jwhui/ Prabal Dutta
development TA prabal_at_eecs.berkeley.edu
3Plan for Today
- 11-12 Introduction to the Course
- Broad concepts and Technology Trends
- Term plan
- Logistics
- Discussion
- 1-4 Interactive Embedded Internet Lab
- Break for lunch about 1230
- 1-1 Interviews wrt Survey
- Scheduling
- Launch between lab study
- 3-4 Repeat parts of Intro for those not here yet
41997 - The Internet of Every Computer
52007 - The Internet of Every Body
62017 - The Internet of Everyday Things
7Why Real Information is so Important
Enable New Knowledge
Increase Comfort
Enhance Safety Security
Preventing Failures
High-Confidence Transport
8Everyday Things
- Appliance
- Stand-alone electrical, mechanical, informational
system integrated for a particular function - Why stand-alone?
- Why so particular?
9Universality of Information Technology
- Computing
- Communication
- What is it used for?
10Example Every Day Thing
User Control Loop
UI Sensors - Knob position - Timer
UI Display - Temp - Time - Status
Inner Control Loop
Sensors - thermocouples - gas flow - door open
Actuators -relay / valve -relay / light
Set Point
Controller
11A Programmable Networked Thing
Network
12Broad Technology Trends
Moores Law transistors on cost-effective chip
doubles every 18 months
Bells Law a new computer class emerges every 10
years
- Today 1 million transistors per
Same fabrication technology provides CMOS radios
for communication and micro-sensors
13Low-Tech Enabling Technology
Network
IEEE 802.15.4
14The Systems Challenge
- Monitoring Managing Spaces and Things
applications
Store
Comm.
actuate
sensing
Proc
Power
technology
Miniature, low-power connections to the physical
world
15UCB gt A worldwide community
16The Berkeley Mote
WINS(UCLA/ROckwell)
Intel rene
SmartDust WeC
Rene
00
01
03
02
04
06
05
07
97
99
98
LWIM
Expedition
NEST
Cyber-Physical
SENSIT
NETS/ NOSS
CENS STC
DARPA
NSF
17Example for today TelosB
18Mote the Next Generation - EPIC
- http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/prabal/projects/epic
/
19TinyOS
TinyOS 2.0
WSN mote platform
Communication Centric Resource-Constrained Event-d
riven Execution
20Self-Organized Mesh Routing
0
21Why Multihop Routing
- Power!
- to transmit D grows as D3 or worse
- to route distance D grows linearly
- Bandwidth (spatial multiplexing)
- With n nodes in a single cell, each gets at most
1/n bandwidth - Many small cells gt many simultaneous
transmissions. - Reliability (spatial diversity)
- Individual links experience interference,
obstacles, and multipath effects - Even short-range wireless wires require human
nurturing - IRDA, Bluetooth, WiFi, Cell
- Provides spatial diversity and receiver diversity
- rather than antenna diversity
- Protocol level reliability
22What we mean by Low Power
- 2 AA gt 1.5 amp hours (4 watt hours)
- Cell gt 1 amp hour (3.5 watt hours)
- Cell 500 -1000 mW gt few hours active
- WiFi 300 - 500 mW gt several hours
- GPS 50 100 mW gt couple days
- WSN 50 mW active, 20 uW passive
- 450 uW gt one year
- 45 uW gt 10 years
- Ave Power fact Pact fsleep Psleep
fwaking Pwaking
23Routing Mechanism
- Upon each transmission, one of the recipients
retransmits. - Which one?
- What determines a link?
24Question
If Wireless Sensor Networks represent a future of
billions of information devices embedded in the
physical world, why dont they run THE standard
internetworking protocol?
?
Sonet
Serial
Self-Contained
Plugs and People
25The Answer
- They should
- Substantially advances the state-of-the-art in
both domains. - Implementing IP requires tackling the general
case, not just a specific operational slice - Interoperability with all other potential IP
network links - Potential to name and route to any IP-enabled
device within security domain - Robust operation despite external factors
- Coexistence, interference, errant devices, ...
- While meeting the critical embedded wireless
requirements - High reliability and adaptability
- Long lifetime on limited energy
- Manageability of many devices
- Within highly constrained resources
26Emerging Standards
- LoWPAN 802.15.4
- 1 of 802.11 power, easier to embed, as easy to
use. - 8-16 bit MCUs with KBs, not MBs.
- Off 99 of the time
Web Services
XML / RPC / REST / SOAP / OSGI
HTTP / FTP / SNMP
TCP / UDP
IP
802.15.4,
802.11
Ethernet
Sonet
IETF 6lowpan
276LoWPAN IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.15.4 Frame Format
S pan
D pan
Dst EUID 64
Src EUID 64
preamble
Dst16
Src16
DSN
Network Header
Application Data
dsp
IETF 6LoWPAN Format
01
1
Uncompressed IPv6 address RFC2460
0
40 bytes
0
0
0
0
01
0
1
0
0
0
0
HC1
Fully compressed 1 byte
Source address derived from link
address Destination address derived from link
address Traffic Class Flow Label zero Next
header UDP, TCP, or ICMP
- Deep compression by breaking the layering
abstraction and putting it all back together
again.
28Extending the Internet to the Real World
29Embedded Web Services
lt get temp set sample_rate set alarm gt
www.weather.com
Web Services
ltvaluegt sourcelibrary time1253
temp26.7 lt\valuegt
ltvaluegt sourcelibrary time1231
temp25.1 lt\valuegt
XML information
Wireless Packets
802.15.4
30Real World Signals and Information
- What is the bandwidth of the weather?
- What is the nyquist of the soil?
- What is the placement noise?
- What is the sampling jitter error?
- How do you classify it?
- How do you search it?
31The Macroscope - Keck HydroWatch
Sagehen wireless data infrastructure
32Networking the Physical World
Bi-directional Patch Antenna
Mote Accelerometer Board)
Battery
33Ambient Vibration
SF (south)
500 ft
4200 ft
1125 ft
246 ft
Sausalito (north)
8 nodes
51 nodes
Vertical Sensor at Quarter-span 365m North of the
South Tower
Vertical Sensor at Quarter-span 335m South of the
North Tower
34Bonus Spectacular Views
35Real World
36Networking Every Day Things
37Kitchen
38Bath / Health / Clinic
39Fitness
40Typical Week
- Meet on Monday
- 1st Hour student presentations on results of
previous weeks Team Activity Assignment - Brief Presentation providing technical background
for Lab - Interactive Lab with 1-1 and whole class
discussion - Team Activity Assignment
- Office and lab hours during the week
41Plan for the Term
- http//www.eecs.berkeley.edu/culler/eecs194/
- W1 Embedded Internet
- W2 Embedded Applications / MCUs / PCB design
- W3 Sensing
- W4 Networking and Web Services
- W5 Actuation / HW Fab
- W7-9 Class Starter Project
- W10-15 Team Projects
42Discussion