'Geranium; flowers 5-merous, stamens with filaments unite

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Phylogenetic Classification System - Dicots
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Flowering plants
Nymphaeles
Magnoliids
Monocots
Tricolpates (Eudicots)
Basal Tricolpates
Core Tricolpates (Core Eudicots)
Rosids
Eurosids I
Eurosids II
Asterids
Euasterids I
Euasterids II
See http//www.colby.edu/info.tech/BI211/PhyloFa
milies.htm for more information
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Nymphaeales

• Nymphaeaceae

Waterlilies Aquatic often contain latex leaves
mostly alternate, simple flowers solitary,
bisexual, actinomorphic
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Magnoliids

• Magnoliaceae

Magnolia trees and shrubs leaves alternate,
simple, stipulate, the stipules large and
enclosing the young buds, falling quickly and
leaving a scar at the node flowers perfect,
often large, with many separate sepals, petals
(often undifferentiated), stamens, and carpels.
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Eudicots Basal Tricolpates

• Ranunculaceae

columbine
buttercup
Buttercups mostly herbs leaves with sheathing
leaf bases, blades often divided flowers mostly
perfect with spirally arranged, numerous stamens
and carpels.
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Eudicots Basal Tricolpates

• Papaveraceae

Poppy mostly herbs, sometimes shrubs or trees,
often with milky or colored latex leaves
alternate flowers showy, perfect, calyx of 2-3
distinct, quickly falling sepals, corolla of 4-6
or 8-12 biseriate, crumpled, separate petals
numerous stamens, 2- to several united carpels
fruit a capsule opening by valves or pores.
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Eudicots Core Tricolpates

• Cactaceae

Cactus succulent, fleshy habit, usually spiny
herbs, with the spines arranged in areoles
flowers solitary and showy with numerous perianth
parts stamens numerous ovary inferior.
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Eudicots Core Tricolpates

• Caryophyllaceae

pink
carnation
Pink Herbs with swollen nodes leaves opposite,
connected at the base with a transverse line
pistil with free central placentation fruit a
many-seeded capsule opening by teeth or valves.

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Eudicots Rosids

• Geraniaceae

geranium
Geranium flowers 5-merous, stamens with
filaments united at base fruit with elastic
dehiscent schizocarps that curl on the beak.
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Fruits (schizocarps) of filaree (Erodium
moschatum), a common and prolific naturalized
Mediterranean weed during the spring in southern
California. Each fruit is composed of five
sections called carpels and a long, slender style
column. Since the seed-bearing carpels do not
split open, the fruit is considered indehiscent.
When they begin to dry out, the mature carpels
(each with its own slender style) separate from
each other. As the styles uncoil, the carpels are
often forcibly ejected. Upon landing on the
ground, the free end of the style spirals around
like the hand of a clock, twisting the
seed-bearing carpel deeper and deeper into the
soil. Species of Erodium are also called
storksbill because of the long, beaklike style
column on the fruits. From http//waynesword.palo
mar.edu/fruitid2.htm
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbit, gourd coarse, tendril-bearing vines
flowers usually yellow, imperfect ovary
inferior fruit a berry or pepo.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Fabaceae (Leguminosae)

mimosa
Bean, pea trees, shrubs, or herbs leaves
pinnately or palmately compound or simple
flowers papilionaceous and distinctly irregular
corolla of 5 petals forming a banner (or
standard), 2 wings, and a keel stamens 10 ( all
free, 9 fused and 1 free, or all 10 fused)
pistil of 1 carpel fruit a legume.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Betulaceae

Female catkin
Male catkin
Birch, alder Deciduous trees or shrubs leaves
simple, serrate staminate flowers in catkins.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Fagaceae

Beech, oak trees or shrubs leaves alternate
(in oak, leaves and buds clustered at the ends of
the branches, pith 5-angled) fruit a nut, at
least partially covered by a cupule of hardened
bracts.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Euphorbiaceae

Spurge herbs, shrubs, trees or lianas many are
xerophytic and cactoid most with milky latex
leaves alternate, sometimes opposite or whorled,
simple or compound, usually with stipules, but
often modified into glands, hairs, or spines
flowers imperfect, plants often monoecious
sepals and petals present or either or both
lacking fruit a schizocarp.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Violaceae

violet
pansies
Herbs (tropical members are trees and shrubs)
flowers zygomorphic, 5-merous, petals 5, the
anterior ones spurred, stamens 5, frequently 1 is
spurred at the base.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Rosaceae

apples, pears, plums, peaches, strawberries, and
raspberries
Herbs, shrubs, and trees leaves with stipules
flowers actinomorphic sepals 5, petals 5
stamens numerous hypanthium (floral disk) often
present.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Ulmaceae

Elm trees or shrubs with watery sap leaf bases
oblique fruit an evenly winged samara or
drupe.
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Eudicots Eurosids I

• Juglandaceae

Walnut family trees, rarely shrubs, deciduous,
with gray or brownish bark leaves alternate or
opposite, aromatic, pinnately compound margins
serrate or entire flowers unisexual, staminate
and pistillate on same plants ovary 1, inferior
stigmas 2, fleshy or plumose fruits large nuts
or samaras
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Eudicots Eurosids II

• Brassicaceae (Cruciferae)

silique
Mustard herbs with an odorous, watery juice
flowers of 4 sepals, 4 petals, and 6 stamens (4
long and 2 short) fruit a silique or silicle.
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Eudicots Eurosids II

• Aceraceae

Maple trees or shrubs leaves opposite, usually
simple with palmate venation flowers
actinomorphic fruit a winged schizocarp.
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Asterids

• Ericaceae

Rhododendron indicum - Azalea
Heath, rhododendron woody, often shrubby
leaves alternate, evergreen or deciduous flowers
urceolate or campanulate stamens distinct, often
twice as many as the petals, anthers opening by
terminal pores.
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Also see http//theseedsite.co.uk/flowershapes
.html
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Asterids Euasterids I

• Lamiaceae

Mint herbs and shrubs with square stems
aromatic leaves opposite inflorescences
axillary or whorled flowers 5-merous,
zygomorphic stamens 2 or 4 ovary deeply
4-lobed, style basally attached between the 4
lobes fruit of 4 nutlets.
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Asterids Euasterids I

• Oleaceae

Olive, ash leaves opposite flowers 4-merous,
stamens 2, ovary 2-locular seeds usually 2 per
locule.
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Asterids Euasterids I

• Bignoniaceae

Trumpet creepers shrubs, woody vines, trees
leaves opposite, often compound sepals 5
connate, stamens often 4 ovary superior.
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Asterids Euasterids I

• Scrophulariaceae

foxglove
snapdragon
Figwort, snapdragon flowers 5-merous,
zygomorphic corolla 2-lipped stamens 2 or 4,
sometimes with a fifth sterile stamen ovary
2-locular, style terminal, ovules numerous.
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Asterids Euasterids I

• Solanaceae

nightshade
petunia
Nightshade, potato leaves alternate, stipules
absent flowers actinomorphic, 5-merous stamens
5 ovary 2-locular, sometimes falsely divided
again ovules numerous fruit a berry or
capsule.
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Asterids Euasterids II

• Apiaceae

Carrot, parsley aromatic herbs with hollow
stems leaves compound with sheathing bases
inflorescences umbellate flowers 5-merous, often
yellow or white stamens 5, ovary 2-carpellate,
bilocular, inferior fruit a schizocarp.
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Asterids Euasterids II

• Asteraceae (Compositae)

Ray floret
Disk floret
Sunflower or Aster inflorescence of dense heads
surrounded by whorls of bracts (the involucre or
phyllaries) two floret types disk and ray
inferior ovary achenes
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From Phillips, R.B. 2004. Biology 211 Flowering
Plant TaxonomyGUIDE TO FLOWERING PLANT
RECOGNITION (Phylogenetic System of
Classification). Accessed 21 March 2005.
http//www.colby.edu/info.tech/BI211/PhyloFamilies
.htm.
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Catkins are found in a few different families.
Above are two members of the Moraceae (Mulberry)
family.
Notice the male catkin it is similar to those
that you will dissect today.
Here is the pistillate inflorescence that you
will be dissecting today.